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241.
Many of the classical multivariate data analysis and multidimensional scaling techniques call for approximations by lower dimensional configurations. A model is proposed, in which different sets of linear constraints are imposed on different dimensions in component analysis and classical multidimensional scaling frameworks. A simple, efficient, and monotonically convergent algorithm is presented for fitting the model to the data by least squares. The basic algorithm is extended to cover across-dimension constraints imposed in addition to the dimensionwise constraints, and to the case of a symmetric data matrix. Examples are given to demonstrate the use of the method.The work reported in this paper has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, grant number A6394, and by the McGill-IBM Cooperative Grant, both granted to the first author. The research of H. A. L. Kiers has been made possible by a fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. We thank Michael Hunter for his helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. 相似文献
242.
243.
In this study, Mulder's power theory consisting of the power distance reduction tendency (PDR) of less powerful group members towards more powerful others, and the power distance enlargement tendency (PDE) of more powerful group members towards less powerful others, is investigated. In particular, two different interpretations of the relationships Mulder hypothesized between power distance and power tendencies are examined. In Experiment 1 no support was found for the interpersonal interpretation. Evidence for the intrapersonal interpretation was found only for the PDE. The most remarkable difference between these results and the results of previous experiments was that we did not find any consistent support for an increased interpersonal PDR with smaller power distance. Therefore, in Experiment 2 a more extensive investigation was undertaken focusing on interpersonal measures similar to the one used earlier by Mulder and his co-workers. Results of these measures yielded support for the interpersonal interpretations of both tendencies. In the discussion an explanation for the obtained results is offered that departs from the (in) stability of the power hierarchy. 相似文献
244.
A modification of the TUCKALS3 algorithm is proposed that handles three-way arrays of order I × J × K for any I. When I is
much larger than JK, the modified algorithm needs less work space to store the data during the iterative part of the algorithm
than does the original algorithm. Because of this and the additional feature that execution speed is higher, the modified
algorithm is highly suitable for use on personal computers.
This research has been made possible by a fellowship from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences to the first
author. 相似文献
245.
A procedure is described for minimizing a class of matrix trace functions. The procedure is a refinement of an earlier procedure
for minimizing the class of matrix trace functions using majorization. It contains a recently proposed algorithm by Koschat
and Swayne for weighted Procrustes rotation as a special case. A number of trial analyses demonstrate that the refined majorization
procedure is more efficient than the earlier majorization-based procedure.
The research of H. A. L. Kiers has been made possible by a fellowship from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. 相似文献
246.
Henk ter Heide 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1992,5(2):29-44
This article examines the management and use of knowledge in a relatively complex planning and policy process, i.e., the preparation
and implementation of the Fourth Report on Physical Planning in the Netherlands. Attention is given to the organization of
this process; the manner in which research, policy design and plan negotiation were intertwined in the various phases of the
process; and the solutions developed for the problem of obtaining sufficient knowledge without losing the impetus essential
to policy-making. General conclusions are derived especially concerning the interrelationship between policy-making and the
accretion and depletion of knowledge stocks.
While his earlier publications were primarily concerned with the application of demographic research in spatial policy, he
has more recently shifted his attention to knowledge utilization problems in general. 相似文献
247.
Two contrasting notions concerning upward power tendencies within hierarchically structured groups are investigated. Power Distance Theory assumes that people have a desire for power that results in a tendency to reduce the power distance towards a more powerful other, and this tendency is assumed to be stronger the smaller the power distance. The bureaucratic rule implies that a vacant position may only be taken over by someone from the level immediately below the vacant position. In Experiment 1, power distance from the top position of a hierarchy was manipulated by assigning 120 subjects to a higher or a lower position in a power hierarchy. Results showed that only the motivation derived from the bureaucratic rule (i.e. entitlement) mediated the relationship between power distance and upward tendencies. In Experiment 2, a more pertinent test of the two theoretical notions was performed by assigning 139 subjects to one of three positions. The main results were consistent with the bureaucratic rule: (1) subjects immediately below the top position showed a stronger upward tendency towards this position than subjects in the two lower positions, whereas no differences were found between subjects in these two lower positions; (2) again only entitlement mediated the relationship between power distance and upward tendencies. 相似文献
248.
Henk A. L. Kiers 《Psychometrika》1991,56(2):197-212
Several methods have been developed for the analysis of a mixture of qualitative and quantitative variables, and one, called PCAMIX, includes ordinary principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) as special cases. The present paper proposes several techniques for simple structure rotation of a PCAMIX solution based on the rotation of component scores and indicates how these can be viewed as generalizations of the simple structure methods for PCA. In addition, a recently developed technique for the analysis of mixtures of qualitative and quantitative variables, called INDOMIX, is shown to construct component scores (without rotational freedom) maximizing the quartimax criterion over all possible sets of component scores. A numerical example is used to illustrate the implication that when used for qualitative variables, INDOMIX provides axes that discriminate between the observation units better than do those generated from MCA.The Netherlands organization for scientific research (NWO) is gratefully acknowledged for funding this project. This research was conducted while the author was supported by a PSYCHON-grant (560-267-011) from this organization. The author is obliged to Jos ten Berge for his comments on an earlier version. 相似文献
249.
An efficient algorithm for PARAFAC of three-way data with large numbers of observation units 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The CANDECOMP algorithm for the PARAFAC analysis ofn×m×p three-way arrays is adapted to handle arrays in whichn>mp more efficiently. For such arrays, the adapted algorithm needs less memory space to store the data during the iterations, and uses less computation time than the original CANDECOMP algorithm. The size of the arrays that can be handled by the new algorithm is in no way limited by the number of observation units (n) in the data.The authors are obliged to Jos ten Berge for his comments on an earlier version of this paper. The research of Henk A. L. Kiers has been made possible by a fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. 相似文献
250.
In this study 2 theories have been tested: Minimum Range theory (de Swaan, 1970; Leierson, 1970) and Minimal Resource theory (Caplow, 1956; Riker, 1962; Gamson, 1964). In an experimental simulation (Runkel and McGrath, 1972)political attitudes (left, centre and right) and power differences (40 seats in parliament, 30 seats and 20 seats) have been induced. The results suggest that in the beginning of the bargaining process people communicate about the composition of the coalition programme. The minimal range theory may explain this behaviour: parties with more similar ideological interests do coalesce. Later on, one more often bargains about the division of the outcomes, i.e. portfolios. Minimum Resource theory only partly explains the formed coalitions. Minimal winning coalitions, which are predicted by Minimum Resource theory, are formed more often within centre-left-coalitions. This is not the case for centre-right-coalitions. It is discussed that the link between the parity norm and minimal winning coalitions, which is assumed by Minimum Resource theory, possiblv does not hold in this experiment. The parity norm being used by right together with centres strong position leads to the frequent occurrence of minimal winning centre-left-coalitions. 相似文献