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81.
Marko Elovainio Christian Hakulinen Laura Pulkki-Råback Hanna Raaska Helena Lapinleimu 《Journal of child and family studies》2018,27(7):2161-2170
International adoptees are at an increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems, especially those who are adopted at an older age. We took a new approach in our study of the network structure and predictability of emotional and behavioral problems in internationally adopted children in Finland. Our sample was from the on-going adoption study and comprised 778 internationally adopted children (387 boys and 391 girls, mean age 10.5 (SD 3.4) years). Networks were estimated using Gaussian graphical models and lasso regularization for all the children, and separately for those who were adopted at different ages. The results showed that anxiety/depressive symptoms, social problems, and aggressiveness were the most central symptom domains. Somatic symptoms were the least central and had the weakest effect on the other domains. Similarly, aggressiveness, social problems, and attention problems were high in terms of predictability (73–65%), whereas internalizing problems were relatively low (28–56%). There were clear but local age-group differences in network structure, symptom centrality, and predictability. According to our findings, network models provide important additional information about the centrality and predictability of specific symptom domains, and thus may facilitate targeted interventions among international adoptees. 相似文献
82.
Lucam J. Moraes Márcia B. Miranda Liliany F. Loures Alessandra G. Mainieri Cláudia Helena C. Mármora 《Psychology, health & medicine》2018,23(6):635-652
Psychoneuroimmunology-based interventions are used to attenuated disease progression and/or side effects of pharmacological treatment. This systematic review evaluates the different therapeutic and/or clinical psychoneuroimmunology-based interventions associated to both psychological, neuroendocrine and immunological variables. The review was conducted for all English, Portuguese and Spanish language articles published between 2005 and 2015. Independent investigators analyzed 42 studies concerning human psychoneuroimmunology-based interventions. Decreased levels of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine (stress-related hormones) were associated to interventions like yoga, meditation, tai chi, acupuncture, mindfulness, religious/spiritual practices, cognitive behavior therapy, coping and physical exercises. Moreover, those interventions were also associated to reductions in inflammatory processes and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cancer, HIV, depression, anxiety, wound healing, sleep disorder, cardiovascular diseases and fibromyalgia. Despite the associations between PNI variables and clinical/therapeutic interventions, only one study evidenced significant effects on a disease progression. 相似文献
83.
Acting for the good of the patient is the most fundamental and universally acknowledged principle of medical ethics. However, given the complexity of modern medicine as well as the moral fragmentation of contemporary society, determining the good is far from simple. In his philosophy of medicine, Edmund Pellegrino develops a conception of the good that is derived from the internal morality of medicine via the physician-patient relationship. It is through this healing relationship that rights, duties, and privileges are defined for both physicians and patients. Moreover, this relationship determines the characteristics or virtues that are necessary to engage in the medical telos. This paper addresses the role of the moral virtues in clinical medicine and the physician-patient relationship. First, it provides a brief background of the Aristotelian foundations of virtue-ethics. Second, it delves into Pellegrino’s philosophy of medicine understood as a practice oriented towards a teleological goal. Third, it relates the telos of medicine to the notion of the medical community as a fundamentally moral community. Finally, it concludes with a section that creates a dialogue between virtue ethics and principlism. 相似文献
84.
Hellgren C Akerud H Jonsson M Sundström Poromaa I 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2011,14(6):627-633
Stress regulation during pregnancy is considered to be connected to the timing of labour initiation. Although increasing knowledge is emerging on the regulation of parturition, there is currently no way to predict the start of spontaneous labour in women. The main aim of this study was to assess pain threshold and the sympathetic nervous system response to cold pain in relation to the onset of labour in healthy pregnant women. Ninety-three pregnant women were recruited and assessed for skin conductance (SC) activity during a cold pressor test in gestational week 38. Pain threshold and cold endurance were also measured and the results were compared with data obtained from hospital records. Seventy-four women had a spontaneous labour onset and a valid SC measurement. SC activity during the cold pressor test decreased significantly with the number of days left to spontaneous parturition. This may indicate a gradual decrease in sympathetic autonomic nervous system reactivity even during the last weeks of pregnancy. Measuring SC activity during mild stress provocation is a rapid and non-invasive means to study variation in sympathetic reactivity during pregnancy, and may be useful in research on stress regulation in pregnancy and its relation to labour initiation. 相似文献
85.
Clarissa Marceli Trentini Eduardo Chachamovich Gabriela Peretti Wagner Daniela Helena M��ller Vania Naomi Hirakata Marcelo Pio de Almeida Fleck 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(3):291-309
The aim of the present study was to identify relevant variables associated with Quality of Life (QoL) in older adults. Older
adults, up to 60 years old, were interviewed. Subjects were recruited through convenience sampling. 339 paticipants, who were
stratified by gender, age, and subjective perception of health and illness, answered questions on sociodemographic issues,
QoL (WHOQOL-100) and depressive symptomathology (Beck Depression Inventory—BDI). The multiple linear regression analysis showed
associations of overall perception of QoL with depression levels, subjective perception of health status and gender. The individual
analysis of each domain concluded that depression levels are correlated to all QoL domains, while health status was associated
with physical, psychological, independence level and social relationship domains. Other variables were also assessed. The
assessment of older adults concerning their QoL perceptions is associated with gender, age, marital status, social class,
literacy rate, perception of health, and more substantially associated with depressive symptoms levels. Nevertheless, some
limitations of this study and further ones are suggested. 相似文献
86.
Eric T. Poehlman, Ph.D., was an internationally recognized, tenured professor at the University of Vermont (UVM) in Burlington
when, in October 2000, a junior member of Poehlman’s laboratory became convinced that he had altered data from a study on
aging volunteers from the Burlington area. This suspicion developed into one of the most significant cases of scientific misconduct
in the history of the US Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Office of Research Integrity (ORI), launching a US
Department of Justice (DOJ) civil and criminal fraud investigation and, eventually, to a much publicized guilty plea and felony
conviction. In the end, Dr. Poehlman admitted to 54 findings of scientific misconduct made by the UVM and ORI, agreed to retract
or correct ten of his publications and to exclude himself from federal procurement and nonprocurement transactions for life.
The United States Government’s handling of this case was distinguished by a highly cooperative approach that integrated the
resources of the US Attorney’s Office for the District of Vermont (USAO) and both ORI and the Office of the Inspector General
(OIG) in HHS in the common goal of prosecuting research fraud.
The content of this article represents the personal views of the authors and does not express the opinion or policy of DHHS
or its components.
A paper on this topic was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The Responsible Conduct
of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
87.
Dual process accounts of affective learning state that the learning of likes and dislikes reflects a learning mechanism that is distinct from the one reflected in expectancy learning, the learning of signal relationships, and has different empirical characteristics. Affective learning, for example, is said not to be affected by: (a) extinction training; (b) occasion setting; (c) cue competition; and (d) awareness of the CS-US contingencies. These predictions were tested in a series of experiments that employed simple Pavlovian conditioning procedures. Neutral visual pictures of geometric shapes, or tactile conditional stimuli (CS) were paired with aversive electrotactile unconditional stimuli (US). Dependent measures were physiological (skin conductance, blink startle modulation) or verbal (US expectancy, on-line and off-line ratings of CS pleasantness). Different combinations of these dependent measures were employed across different experiments in an attempt to assess affective and expectancy learning simultaneously. Changes in CS pleasantness as indexed by ratings or blink startle modulation were readily observed. However, contrary to the predictions from dual-process accounts, results indicated that acquired CS unpleasantness is subject to extinction, occasion setting, cue competition, and not found in absence of CS-US contingency awareness. 相似文献
88.
Variations in the state of momentary emotions of Brazilian hospital nurses on day and night shifts were recorded. Ten graduate nurses working on day and night shifts in the clinical ward of hospitals completed the Present Mood States List of Engelmann at the beginning and end of the first and last days of each shift. Analysis indicated (a) nurses had a stable emotional profile, present at the working shift, and (b) variations in present mood states related to specific effects of shift work were observed when comparisons were made between the present mood states at the beginning and end of each shift duty. 相似文献
89.
Helena Rasku-Puttonen Ph.D. Paula Lyytinen Ph.D. Anna-Maija Poikkeus M.A. Marja-Leena Laakso Ph.D. Timo Ahonen Ph.D. 《Family process》1994,33(1):71-80
The main purpose of the study was to reexamine the association between maternal communication deviances and learning disabilities in children. In this study, we adapted and extended the procedure used b Ditton, Green, and Singer (1987). A two-part experimental task was used: one in which the child could not request any clarification of mother's insruction, and another in which the mother and child could communicate. Both communication deviances and the clarity of mother's communication were analyzed. The subjects were 60 mother-child paires in which half of the children had learning disabilities and the other haalf were normally achieving children matched for age and parents' SES. The dyads were vedetaped in a laboratory setting. The mothers o f learning-disabled (LD) children were found to give less exact instructions and to present more ambiguous messages to the child than the mothers of non-LD children. 相似文献
90.
Helena Chmura Kraemer 《Psychometrika》1979,44(4):461-472
Coefficient is generally defined in terms of procedures of computation rather than in terms of a population. Here a population definition is proposed. On this basis, the interpretation of as a measure of diagnostic reliability in characterizing an individual, and the effect of reliability, as measured by, on estimation bias, precision, and test power are examined. Factors influencing the magnitude of are identified. Strategies to improve reliability are proposed, including that of combining multiple unreliable diagnoses.This investigation was supported in part by the National Institute of Mental Health Specialized Research Center Grant # MH-30854. 相似文献