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151.
Helena J.V. Rutherford Benjamin GoldbergPatrick Luyten David J. BridgettLinda C. Mayes 《Infant behavior & development》2013
Parental reflective functioning represents the capacity of a parent to think about their own and their child's mental states and how these mental states may influence behavior. Here we examined whether this capacity as measured by the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire relates to tolerance of infant distress by asking mothers (N = 21) to soothe a life-like baby simulator (BSIM) that was inconsolable, crying for a fixed time period unless the mother chose to stop the interaction. Increasing maternal interest and curiosity in their child's mental states, a key feature of parental reflective functioning, was associated with longer persistence times with the BSIM. Importantly, on a non-parent distress tolerance task, parental reflective functioning was not related to persistence times. These findings suggest that parental reflective functioning may be related to tolerance of infant distress, but not distress tolerance more generally, and thus may reflect specificity to persistence behaviors in parenting contexts. 相似文献
152.
Helena J. V. Rutherford Jennifer L. O'Brien Jane E. Raymond 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(4):536-542
In familiar environments, goal-directed visual behavior is often performed in the presence of objects with strong, but task-irrelevant,
reward or punishment associations that are acquired through prior, unrelated experience. In a two-phase experiment, we asked
whether such stimuli could affect speeded visual orienting in a classic visual orienting paradigm. First, participants learned
to associate faces with monetary gains, losses, or no outcomes. These faces then served as brief, peripheral, uninformative
cues in an explicitly unrewarded, unpunished, speeded, target localization task. Cues preceded targets by either 100 or 1,500
msec and appeared at either the same or a different location. Regardless of interval, reward-associated cues slowed responding
at cued locations, as compared with equally familiar punishment-associated or no-value cues, and had no effect when targets
were presented at uncued locations. This localized effect of reward-associated cues is consistent with adaptive models of
inhibition of return and suggests rapid, low-level effects of motivation on visual processing. 相似文献
153.
The dark side of cognitive illusions: When an illusory belief interferes with the acquisition of evidence‐based knowledge
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Ion Yarritu Helena Matute David Luque 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2015,106(4):597-608
Cognitive illusions are often associated with mental health and well‐being. However, they are not without risk. This research shows they can interfere with the acquisition of evidence‐based knowledge. During the first phase of the experiment, one group of participants was induced to develop a strong illusion that a placebo medicine was effective to treat a fictitious disease, whereas another group was induced to develop a weak illusion. Then, in Phase 2, both groups observed fictitious patients who always took the bogus treatment simultaneously with a second treatment which was effective. Our results showed that the group who developed the strong illusion about the effectiveness of the bogus treatment during Phase 1 had more difficulties in learning during Phase 2 that the added treatment was effective. 相似文献
154.
Matti Meriläinen Helena Puhakka Hanna-Maija Sinkkonen 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2015,43(2):202-215
Students’ suggestions for how to eliminate bullying at universities were gathered as part of an e-questionnaire sent to each university student (N = 10,551) at a Finnish university. The suggestions (n = 2804) regarding how to address bullying at universities were divided into the following four classes: support (944), punishment (78), support and punishment (65), and no suggestions (1717). Further analysis concerning support revealed the following five categories according to Houses’ (1981) classification: instrumental/material support (n = 265), informational support (n = 263), emotional support (n = 139), and appraisal support (n = 69). In addition, there were 208 inexact suggestions regarding how to stop bullying. Analysis concerning resources for help revealed the following five categories: Finnish Students Health Service/student association/police/university priest (120), university teachers (49), other students/peer support (41) and administration (36). In this classification, there were 698 inexact suggestions. This is a sign of the difficulty in addressing bullying situations. 相似文献
155.
Carlos Carona Marco Pereira Helena Moreira Neuza Silva Maria Cristina Canavarro 《Journal of child and family studies》2013,22(7):971-986
Parents who have children with cerebral palsy (CP) have been reported to have a more impaired QL and higher levels of burden than parents of typically developing children; however, little is known about the positive dimensions of their caregiving experience. In this study, WHOQOL-Bref and The Revised Burden Measure were administered to a sample of 105 parents of children/adolescents with CP (clinical group) and 117 parents of children/adolescents with no disabilities (control group). Despite the fact that parents of children with CP reported more Subjective Burden and less caregiving Uplifts, there were more similarities than differences in the variables compared between clinical and control groups. For parents of children with CP, the associations between Burden dimensions and QL, and between caregiving Uplifts and QL, were respectively moderate and weak. Caregiving Uplifts were found to moderate the links between Objective Burden and Psychological QL, and between Relationship Burden and Social QL. In addition, differential main effects of Burden dimensions and caregiving Uplifts were verified for Physical, Psychological and Social QL domains. These results highlight the adaptation variability of parents who have children with CP, as well as the importance of acknowledging caregiving uplifts as a resource that may attenuate the impact of burden on their QL. 相似文献
156.
Miguel A. Vadillo Jan De Houwer Maarten De Schryver Nerea Ortega-Castro Helena Matute 《Learning and motivation》2013
Our ability to detect causal relations and patterns of covariation is easily biased by a number of well-known factors. For example, people tend to overestimate the strength of the relation between a cue and an outcome if the outcome tends to occur very frequently. During the last years, several accounts have attempted to explain the outcome-density bias. On the one hand, dual-process performance accounts propose that biases are not due to the way associations are encoded, but to the higher-order cognitive processes involved in the retrieval and use of this information. In other words, the outcome-density bias is seen as a performance effect, not a learning effect. From this point of view, it is predicted that the outcome-density bias should be absent in any testing procedure that reduces the motivation or opportunity to engage in higher-order cognitive processes. Contrary to this prediction, but consistent with the most common single-process learning accounts, our results show that the outcome-density effect can be detected when the Implicit Association Test is used to measure the strength of cue–outcome associations. 相似文献
157.
Susan A. Geertshuis Helena D. Cooper‐Thomas Mnthali Price 《Journal of applied social psychology》2013,43(8):1563-1577
This study considers subordinate upward influencing as a proactive behavior and applies this lens to an investigation into the contributions of appraisals of self and situation in predicting tactic choice. One hundred seventy‐eight employees assessed the frequency with which they used influencing tactics in interactions with their direct line manager. The results indicated that favorable appraisals of self were associated with increased use of rationality and unfavorable appraisal of situation were associated with increased the use of ingratiation, assertiveness, and upward appeal. While the use of rationality could be explained within approaches to positive proactive work behaviors, the use of the remaining five tactics could not. The results are interpreted within a wider perspective of proactive discretionary behaviors. 相似文献
158.
Mirja Helena Hartimo 《Synthese》2008,162(2):225-233
Richard Tieszen [Tieszen, R. (2005). Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LXX(1), 153–173.] has argued that the group-theoretical approach to modern geometry can be seen as a realization of Edmund Husserl’s
view of eidetic intuition. In support of Tieszen’s claim, the present article discusses Husserl’s approach to geometry in
1886–1902. Husserl’s first detailed discussion of the concept of group and invariants under transformations takes place in
his notes on Hilbert’s Memoir Ueber die Grundlagen der Geometrie that Hilbert wrote during the winter 1901–1902. Husserl’s interest in the Memoir is a continuation of his long-standing concern
about analytic geometry and in particular Riemann and Helmholtz’s approach to geometry. Husserl favored a non-metrical approach
to geometry; thus the topological nature of Hilbert’s Memoir must have been intriguing to him. The task of phenomenology is
to describe the givenness of this logos, hence Husserl needed to develop the notion of eidetic intuition.
The author wishes to thank Academy of Finland for financial assistance that enabled her to work on this article. 相似文献
159.
The present series of experiments explores the interaction between retroactive interference and cue competition in human contingency learning. The results of two experiments show that a cue that has been exposed to a cue competition treatment (overshadowing) loses part of its ability to retroactively interfere with responding to a different cue that was paired with the same outcome. These results pose problems for associative models of contingency learning and are also difficult to explain in terms of current theories of causal reasoning. Additionally, it is proposed that in light of the interaction between interference and cue competition, interference could be used as an indirect measure for the study of cue competition effects. 相似文献
160.
Isabel L. Silva José Pais-Ribeiro Helena Cardoso 《Applied research in quality of life》2008,3(2):127-136
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in general health status and quality of life between patients who
present “non-normative eating behaviours” (namely, binge eating disorder, night eating syndrome, sweet /fat food cravings
and continuous nibbling) and patients without these eating behaviour characteristics. A cohort of 168 women with obesity,
all candidates to bariatric surgery, aged between 15 and 65 (M = 39.04; SD = 10.86), with a body mass index ranging between
30.37 and 80.65 (M = 48.79; SD = 8.37), was studied. Participants answered to a clinical interview, to SF-36 and to ORWELL-97,
after their informed consent. Results suggest that women with obesity reporting binge eating disorder, night eating syndrome
and continuous nibbling show poorer general health status and worst quality of life than those who do not present these “non-normative
eating behaviours”. Moreover, the general health status and the quality of life of patients with sweet/fat food cravings do
not differ from those who do not report this eating behaviour. Nevertheless, patients reporting the eating behaviours studied
do not differ from the others regarding their body mass index. 相似文献