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891.
Decision to Leave Scale: Perceived Reasons to Stay In or Leave Violent Relationships 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Helen M. Hendy Doreen Eggen Cheryl Gustitus Kelli C. McLeod Phillip Ng 《Psychology of women quarterly》2003,27(2):162-173
The 30-item Decision to Leave Scale (DLS) was developed with 631 college women and 420 college women and women in shelters. Seven DLS subscales emerged for concerns in deciding to stay or leave: Fear of Loneliness, Child Care Needs, Financial Problems, Social Embarrassment, Poor Social Support, Fear of Harm, Hopes Things Change. Mean internal reliability was .73, mean test-retest reliability was .70. Discriminant validity was demonstrated by expected associations between DLS concerns and self-esteem, children, and violence. Criterion validity was demonstrated by greater DLS concerns for women in shelters than for college women. Women in violent relationships who decided to stay reported more Fear of Loneliness than women who decided to leave. 相似文献
892.
James A. Breaugh Leslie A. Greising James W. Taggart Helen Chen 《Journal of applied social psychology》2003,33(11):2267-2287
The study reported in this paper examined the relationship between 5 recruiting sources (college placement offices, newspaper advertisements, employee referrals, direct applicants, and job fairs) and several important but neglected pre-hire outcomes (e.g., percentage of qualified applicants generated, percentage of applicants who were hired). As hypothesized, applicants who applied directly for jobs and those who were referred by current employees were more likely to receive job offers and to become employees than were applicants recruited via other sources. Unexpectedly, recruiting sources were not related to the measures of applicant quality used in this study. 相似文献
893.
894.
Peter Suedfeld Helen Paterson Erin Soriano Samantha Zuvic 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(11):2368-2376
In spite of many false negatives and false positives quite familiar to the people of Nazi‐dominated Europe, dark hair and eyes were salient among the physical stereotypes of Jews that the Nazis promulgated along with psychosocial ones. Many narratives of the Holocaust refer to someone surviving because he or she “did not look Jewish,” and others being caught and killed because they did. A quantitative test of the validity and impact of this attribution showed that a higher proportion of Holocaust survivors than of a North American Jewish control group had light‐colored hair, eyes, or both during the relevant period. The paper discusses possible reasons why these were survival characteristics under the conditions of the Holocaust, the possible short‐ and long‐term effects of such selectivity, and implications for stereotyping in other situations of ethnic persecution and genocide. 相似文献
895.
Helen M. Murphy Cyrilla H. Wideman Louise A. Aquila George R. Nadzam 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(3):228-241
Two methods of monitoring the circadian rhythm of activity in rodents: (1) an activity wheel cage, which detects the number
of wheel revolutions, and (2) an internal radio transmitter, which records gross motor activity (GMA) of the animal, were
compared in both normal circadian cycles and during the development of activity-stress ulcers. Rats were implanted with a
biotelemetry transmitter that detected GMA and body temperature (BT) and placed in activity wheel cages. A 12 hour/12 hour
light/dark cycle was maintained throughout the experiment. Subjects were subdivided into two groups: (1) unlimited access
to activity wheel (AW) cages and (2) locked activity wheel (LW) cages. Following an ad-libitum habituation period, animals
were allowed food access for 1 hour/day during the light. In the habituation period, the animals showed higher GMA and BT
during the dark phase when housed in AW cages than in LW cages. Both GMA and number of wheel revolutions increased dramatically
after the onset of food restriction for the AW animals. There was a deleterious drop in BT in AW animals as the food-restricted
period continued and a significant correlation existed between severity of ulcerations and BT. The findings of this experiment
demonstrate that the activity wheel imposes an alternation of the circadian cycle, which, in turn, influences rhythmicity
through reentrainment. Additionally, in the activity-stress paradigm, a significant drop in BT correlates with severity of
ulcerations. A disrupted circadian cycle, involving hypothermia, is proposed as the mechanism underlying the demise of animals
in the activity-stress paradigm. 相似文献
896.
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, between subjects study design (N=37) was used to investigate the effects of dexamphetamine on explicit new name learning. Participants ingested 10mg of dexamphetamine or placebo daily over 5 consecutive mornings before learning new names for 50 familiar objects plus fillers. The dexamphetamine group recognised and recalled the new names more accurately than the placebo group over the 5 days and 1 month later. Word learning success was not associated with baseline neuropsychological performance, mood, cardiovascular arousal, or sustained attention. These results may have implications for the pharmacological treatment of acquired naming difficulties. 相似文献
897.
A significant proportion of individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder do not seek or receive effective treatment. Understanding the reasons why an individual chooses to seek treatment or prefers one treatment to another is a critical step to improve treatment seeking. To begin to understand these reasons, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the reasons women gave for choosing a cognitive-behavioral treatment, prolonged exposure (PE), or a pharmacological treatment, sertraline (SER). A community sample of women with trauma histories were asked to view standardized rationales, to choose among PE, SER, or no treatment, and to give 5 reasons for their choice. Women indicated that they were more likely to prefer the psychotherapy to the medication. Across reasons given, the most commonly cited reason for treatment preference highlighted why or how the treatment worked (e.g., I need to talk about it); and this reason emerged as the strongest predictor of preference for PE. Understanding this role of perceived treatment mechanism may aid clinicians and public health policy officials to identify and address help-seeking barriers regarding treatment. 相似文献
898.
899.
The direct method of assessing "unrealistic optimism" employs a question of the form, "Compared with the average person, what is the chance that event X will occur to you?" It has been proposed that when individuals construct their responses to this question (direct-estimates) they focus much more strongly on estimates of their own risk (self-estimates) than on estimates of the average person's risk (other-estimates). A challenge to this proposal comes from findings that interventions that alter other-estimates also change direct-estimates. Employing a novel intervention technique, we tested the possibility that such interventions may indirectly also change self-estimates and that this is what accounts for their effect on direct-estimates. Study 1 (n = 58) showed that an intervention which was designed to (and did) affect other-estimates also affected self-estimates, while Study 2 (n = 101) showed that it affected direct-estimates. Study 3 (n = 79) confirmed that we could modify the intervention so as to maintain the effect on other-estimates, but eliminate that on self-estimates. Study 4 (n = 112) demonstrated that when this was done, there was no longer any effect on direct-estimates. The findings are consistent with the proposal that direct-estimates are constructed largely just out of self-estimates. Implications for heath education programs are discussed. 相似文献
900.
Richard A. Winett Eileen S. Anderson Jessica A. Whiteley Janet R. Wojcik Liza S. Rovniak Kristi D. Graves Daniel I. Galper Sheila G. Winett 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》1999,8(2):129
Epidemiological analyses conclude that the major contributors to all-cause premature mortality and morbidity are smoking, alcohol abuse, inappropriate diet, and a sedentary lifestyle. Efforts to modify these health behaviors in populations with community and worksite interventions, although initially promising, have had difficulty in sustaining health-behavior changes. More intensive, theoretically based interventions targeted to at-risk groups and delivered in smaller social units, such as churches and other religious organizations, have been recommended. An intervention based on social cognitive theory that entails integrating self-regulatory procedures with social and environmental supports in rural churches serving people from lower socioeconomic groups is described in detail. 相似文献