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231.
Julian C. L. Lai Him Cheung Wai-man Lee Helen Yu 《International journal of psychology》1998,33(1):45-56
To examine the utility of the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) to measure optimism among Hong Kong Chinese, the psychometric properties of the revised and the original versions of the Life Orientation Test were compared. A total of 248 Hong Kong Chinese undergraduates were studied in the fall and 165 of these participants were tested again 5 months later. Results indicated that the LOT-R is a reliable and valid measure of dispositional optimism among Hong Kong Chinese. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the LOT-R represents a one-factor model of optimism better than does the original version. Despite its brevity, the LOT-R is psychometrically sounder than the original sclae. These findings point to the feasibility of replacing the original with the revised scale in future research among Hong Kong Chinese. However, the utility of the revised test in cross-cultural comparisons may still be limited by the absence of emic components. Further research on optimism in the Chinese people with the LOT-R should pay more attention to the identification of emic dimensions. 相似文献
232.
John D. Krumboltz 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1998,26(4):559-564
The perspective of a self-reliant 'new career' can be seen as a positive stimulus for career counsellors to reform their profession. Recommended actions include: (1) making life satisfaction the major goal; (2) advocating open-mindedness rather than decisiveness; (3) assuming a broad role in dealing with client concerns; (4) normalising unplanned events; (5) teaching clients to create beneficial unplanned events; and (6) using increased learning and life satisfaction as outcome measures. 相似文献
233.
John D. Krumboltz John A. Blando Hyesook Kim David J. Reikowski 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1994,73(1):57-62
A story about “A Typical Day in Your Future Worklife” was given to 1,037 high school students who were asked to rate its appeal. Differing work values had been embedded systematically to create 16 versions of the story. Higher pay and supportive supervisor feedback made a job more attractive on the average, but reactions varied by sex and ethnicity. Embedding work values in realistic occupational narratives may provide a more meaningful way of stimulating clients to explore the impact of alternative occupations on their future lives. 相似文献
234.
Donald R. Atkinson Antonio Casas Helen Neville 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》1994,22(1):37-48
Ethnic minority psychologists were found to be prolific mentors of both ethnic minority and European American protégés. Mentoring benefits were not related to ethnic similarity. 相似文献
235.
Cyrilla H. Wideman Ph.D. Helen M. Murphy Ph.D. 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1994,13(1):77-87
Previous research indicates that vasopressin-containing (LE) rats are capable of adapting to the stress of food restriction,
whereas vasopressin-deficient (DI) rats cannot adapt to this stressor. It has been postulated that abnormalities in glucose
metabolism may be one of the factors leading to the demise of food-restricted DI rats. The present study was conducted to
determine if taste preferences are altered in DI animals and if the presentation of exogenous glucose, in the form of sucrose
solutions, can ameliorate the effects of the stress of food restriction. Four different concentrations of sucrose solutions
were presented to LE and DI rats under the food-restricted condition. In both strains, an 8% sucrose solution was preferred
over 0%, 16%, and 32% concentrations, with DI rats consuming more of this concentration than LE rats. Thus, when DI rats had
the opportunity of maintaining glucose homeostasis by exogenous supplements, they maintained body weight, displayed no stomach
pathology, and survived. 相似文献
236.
Robert G. Turner LuNell Gilliland Helen M. Klein 《Journal of research in personality》1981,15(2):182-190
Results from an investigation of the relationship between habitual awareness of oneself as a social object (Public self-consciousness) and speed of processing information about the overt self are reported. Since high public self-consciousness subjects report themselves to be concerned about their physical appearance, they were expected to have more readily retrievable evaluative judgments concerning their physical characteristics. Consistent with this prediction, high compared to low public consciousness subjects required significantly less time to report their evaluations of eleven of their physical features. In a second study, high public self-consciousness was shown to be positively related to judged physical attractiveness in two geographically diverse samples. The quicker evaluations of the high public self-consciousness group were discussed in terms of information processing model recently described by Markus (1977). 相似文献
237.
Causal attributions given by athletes for performance can influence performance satisfaction, expectation of future success, and persistence in training and competition. Young and inexperienced athletes often show gender differences in sport attribution, with males attributing success to controllable or stable factors like ability and effort, and females attributing success to uncontrollable or unstable factors like luck and social support. Would older, more experienced female triathletes also show a self-defeating attribution style and see themselves with little control over sport performance? Using questionnaires, 624 triathletes (mostly white, 443 males, 181 females) rated the importance of 13 attributions for triathlon performance. Unlike past research, female triathletes attributed more importance than males to factors they can attempt to control (psychological state, diet, and weight). After a recent success, female triathletes downplayed the importance of luck and social support. 相似文献
238.
A six-month follow-up of adolescents' sexual risk-taking,HIV/AIDS knowledge,and attitudes to condoms
Doreen A. Rosenthal Helen Shepherd 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》1993,3(1):53-65
A follow-up study was conducted to investigate change in sexual behaviour, knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission, and attitudes to condoms over a 6-month period in a sample of late-adolescent students. The study also obtained subjective reports of HIV/AIDS-relevant change. Overall there was a decrease in sexual risk-taking behaviour with casual partners but no change occurred in sexual behaviour with regular partners, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitude towards condoms, or intention to use a condom on next sexual encounter. Examination of individual data revealed that, for some adolescents where behavioural change had occurred, this was in the direction of less safe sex. There were few self-reports of change in sexual behaviour, intention to take precautions against HIV/AIDS, or concern about HIV/AIDS over the preceding 6 months. Subjective reports of behaviour change did not correspond with reports of actual behaviour. Low rates of behaviour change are attributed to the failure of adolescents to personalize the threat of AIDS and to their trust in the safety of sex with a regular partner as well as to the lack of relevance of HIV/AIDS education campaigns to this group. 相似文献
239.
Momentary DRO, a little-used variant of DRO, was compared with a more traditional DRO procedure in the reduction of stereotyped behavior displayed by five subjects with severe mental retardation. Momentary DRO appeared to be more effective than the traditional procedure for three subjects, less effective for one subjects and to increase the stereotyped behavior of the final subject above baseline levels, These findings are discussed in relation to response covariation effects, treatment maintenance and case of implementation. 相似文献
240.
Acalculia: An historical review of localization 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This article reviews the brain localization of calculation disorders (acalculia) beginning with Gall's claim in the early 19th century for a "center" of calculation. A renewed interest in the subject arose around the time of Henschen during the first quarter of the 20th century. A summary of the cases of acalculia since Henschen leads to the conclusion that regardless of the functional modular nature of calculation ability, there is neither a localized region nor a specific hemisphere uniquely underlying the disorder. 相似文献