全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1038篇 |
免费 | 51篇 |
专业分类
1089篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 44篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 26篇 |
2013年 | 150篇 |
2012年 | 55篇 |
2011年 | 47篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 29篇 |
2007年 | 42篇 |
2006年 | 40篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 5篇 |
1967年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1089条查询结果,搜索用时 57 毫秒
171.
172.
Naming novel objects with novel count nouns changes how the objects are drawn from memory, revealing that object categorisation induces reliance on orientation-independent visual representations during longer-term remembering, but not during short-term remembering. Serial position effects integrate this finding with a more established conceptualisation of short-term and longer-term visual remembering in which the former is identified as keeping an item in mind. Adults were shown a series of four novel objects in orientations in which they would not normally be drawn from memory. When not named ("Look at this object"), the objects were drawn in the orientations in which they had been seen. When named with a novel count noun (e.g., "Look at this dax"), the final object continued to be depicted in the orientation in which it had been seen, but all other objects were depicted in an unseen but preferred (canonical) orientation, even though participants could still remember the orientations in which they had been seen. Although orientation-dependent exemplar representations appear to be more accessible than orientation-independent generic representations during short-term remembering, the reverse is the case during longer-term remembering. How the theoretical framework emerging from these observations accommodates a broader body of evidence is discussed. 相似文献
173.
Deschaux O Motanis H Spennato G Moreau JL Garcia R 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,95(4):510-518
Post-extinction exposure of rats to a sub-conditioning procedure can evoke conditioned fear, which may correspond to fear return and/or fear learning potentiation. The aim of the present study was to clarify this issue and examine the effects of tetanic stimulation of the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), two brain regions implicated in post-extinction modulation of conditioned fear. Rats were initially submitted to five tone-shock pairings with either a 0.7-mA or 0.1-mA shock. Tone-evoked freezing was observed only with the higher shock intensity, indicating that the 0.1-mA shock corresponded to a sub-conditioning procedure. All conditioned rats underwent fear extinction with 20 tone-alone trials. When retrained with the sub-conditioning procedure, they displayed again tone-evoked freezing, except when the initial tone was unpaired or a new tone was paired with the 0.1-mA shock, demonstrating fear return rather than fear learning potentiation. We also found that HPC and mPFC tetanic stimulations, applied 24h after the sub-conditioning procedure, similarly reduced this fear return. However, mPFC inactivation abolished temporary HPC tetanus effect, whereas HPC inactivation did not interfere with mPFC tetanus effect. These data confirm our previous findings and reveal the nature of HPC-mPFC interactions in post-extinction modulation of conditioned fear. 相似文献
174.
Tully PJ Pedersen SS Winefield HR Baker RA Turnbull DA Denollet J 《Psychology, health & medicine》2011,16(3):333-345
The aim of this study was to examine depression and anxiety disorders and their characteristic symptoms (anhedonia/low positive affect and anxious arousal, respectively), along with measures of state negative affect (NA) and Type D personality, in relation to cardiac surgery related morbidity. Patients awaiting elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery (n=158; 20.9% female; 11.4% concomitant valve surgery; age M=64.7, SD=10.6) underwent the structured MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview to determine current affective disorders. Patients also completed the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire and a measure of Type D personality traits. Postoperative cardiac morbidity was confirmed after surgery during the index hospitalization and included stroke,renal failure, ventilation>24 h, deep sternal wound infection, reoperation, arrhythmia and 30-day mortality at any location (n=59, 37.3% of total). After adjustment for age, recent myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension, urgency of surgery and time spent on cardiopulmonary bypass generalized anxiety disorder was associated with cardiac morbidity (odds ratio [OR]=3.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-9.67, p=0.03). Adjusted analysis of personality traits revealed the NA component of Type D personality was associated with cardiac morbidity (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14, p=0.03). The Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire subscales were not associated with increased morbidity risk. Affective disorders, affective phenotypes, and personality traits were differentially associated with post-cardiac surgery morbidity outcomes independent of cardiac surgery morbidity risk factors. Concurrent investigation of depression and anxiety with respect to cardiac outcomes warrants further research. 相似文献
175.
The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) is a widely used measure of perfectionism. Previous studies of the nature of the factors of the FMPS have resulted in mixed findings and have failed to identify a stable factor structure. This study investigated the factor structure of the FMPS using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), addressing previous methodological limitations. Participants were 6,449 students from two Australian universities. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a five‐factor model and a reduction in variables from 35 to 29 (FMPS‐29). CFA demonstrated goodness of fit of the revised measure. We also compared our model with a number of existing measurement models of perfection and found the proposed model provided a superior fit for this university student population. Support was found for the two second‐order constructs commonly referred to as adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, although there appears to be little benefit in using this model over the first‐order model. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
176.
Several studies have demonstrated that as listeners hear sentences describing events in a scene, their eye movements anticipate upcoming linguistic items predicted by the unfolding relationship between scene and sentence. While this may reflect active prediction based on structural or contextual expectations, the influence of local thematic priming between words has not been fully examined. In Experiment 1, we presented verbs (e.g., arrest) in active (Subject–Verb–Object) sentences with displays containing verb-related patients (e.g., crook) and agents (e.g., policeman). We examined patient and agent fixations following the verb, after the agent role had been filled by another entity, but prior to bottom-up specification of the object. Participants were nearly as likely to fixate agents “anticipatorily” as patients, even though the agent role was already filled. However, the patient advantage suggested simultaneous influences of both local priming and active prediction. In Experiment 2, using passive sentences (Object–Verb–Subject), we found stronger, but still graded influences of role prediction when more time elapsed between verb and target, and more syntactic cues were available. We interpret anticipatory fixations as emerging from constraint-based processes that involve both non-predictive thematic priming and active prediction. 相似文献
177.
Michelle Noonan Helen Lindner Karen Walker 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2010,28(2):73-86
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a poorly understood illness that is characterized by profound and prolonged exhaustion and
has no clear pathological marker. This study investigated the role of illness severity and secondary beliefs in depression
among a CFS cohort, using the A–B–C framework of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy. Empirical research has consistently
found that CFS patients tend to hold more negative cognitions about their illness, which could be associated with greater
severity and emotional deficits. Specifically, secondary beliefs were explored as a mediating factor; as evidence suggests
that secondary beliefs can result in dysfunctional emotions and/or behaviors, such as depression. Furthermore, it is estimated
that up to 80% of CFS patients concurrently have depression. There were 156 participants with CFS who completed a questionnaire
pack, which included the revised version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Secondary Beliefs Scale (SBS), and the
Cardiac Depression Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that secondary beliefs mediated the relationship between
illness severity and depression. Specifically, the approval and comfort subscales of the SBS were significantly associated
with depression. The current findings indicated that secondary beliefs could be an important focus in treatment of depression
in chronic illness. As the mediating role of secondary beliefs is a new research finding, it is advised that further exploratory
research is required. 相似文献
178.
Previous research has shown that emotional stimuli interfere with ongoing activities. One explanation is that these stimuli
draw attention away from the primary task and thereby hamper the correct execution of the task. Another explanation is that
emotional stimuli cause a temporary freezing of all ongoing activity. We used a go/ no-go task to differentiate between these
accounts. According to the attention account, emotional distractors should impair performance on both go and no-go trials.
According to the freezing account, the presentation of emotional stimuli should be detrimental to performance on go trials,
but beneficial for performance on no-go trials. Our findings confirm the former prediction: Pictures high in emotional arousal
impaired performance on no-go trials. 相似文献
179.
Intersectional Identities and the Politics of Altruistic Care in a Low-Income, Urban Community 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jacqueline S. Mattis Nyasha A. Grayman Sheri-Ann Cowie Cynthia Winston Carolyn Watson Daisy Jackson 《Sex roles》2008,59(5-6):418-428
The literatures on the ways in which social identity and social position (e.g., gender, class, race) inform altruism have developed orthogonally. In this community-based qualitative study we use intersectionality theory to explore the complex ways in which social identity and social structures jointly influence altruism among African American adults (n?=?40) in an urban, economically distressed housing community in New York City. Content analysis of participants’ narratives reveals the ways in which gender, race, ethnicity, class, age, and urbanicity work in tandem to create differential patterns of vulnerability, differential needs, differential commitments to caring for particular subgroups, and informs how altruists are perceived by others. The implications of this work for future research on altruism are highlighted. 相似文献
180.
van der Horst FC Leroy HA van der Veer R 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(4):370-388
From 1957 through the mid-1970s, John Bowlby, one of the founders of attachment theory, was in close personal and scientific
contact with Harry Harlow. In constructing his new theory on the nature of the bond between children and their caregivers,
Bowlby profited highly from Harlow’s experimental work with rhesus monkeys. Harlow in his turn was influenced and inspired
by Bowlby’s new thinking. On the basis of the correspondence between Harlow and Bowlby, their mutual participation in scientific
meetings, archival materials, and an analysis of their scholarly writings, both the personal relationship between John Bowlby
and Harry Harlow and the cross-fertilization of their work are described.
Frank C.P. van der Horst is a PhD student and Lecturer at the Centre for Child and Family Studies at Leiden University, The Netherlands. The work presented in this special issue is part of his doctoral thesis on the roots of Bowlby’s attachment theory. The defence of this thesis, titled John Bowlby and ethology: a study of cross-fertilization, is scheduled for early 2009. Helen A. LeRoy recently retired from the Harlow Primate Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison after working there for nearly half a century. During that time, she worked closely with Harry Harlow from her arrival in 1958 until his retirement in 1974. She was Harlow’s executive assistant and was his help and stay in the editing of the Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. René van der Veer is Professor of History of Educational Thinking at Leiden University, The Netherlands. His research addresses the work of key educational thinkers such as Gal’perin, Janet, Piaget, Vygotsky, Werner, and Wallon. In a longer study the origin of the idea of the social mind was traced. He is on the Editorial Board of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 相似文献
Frank C. P. van der HorstEmail: |
Frank C.P. van der Horst is a PhD student and Lecturer at the Centre for Child and Family Studies at Leiden University, The Netherlands. The work presented in this special issue is part of his doctoral thesis on the roots of Bowlby’s attachment theory. The defence of this thesis, titled John Bowlby and ethology: a study of cross-fertilization, is scheduled for early 2009. Helen A. LeRoy recently retired from the Harlow Primate Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison after working there for nearly half a century. During that time, she worked closely with Harry Harlow from her arrival in 1958 until his retirement in 1974. She was Harlow’s executive assistant and was his help and stay in the editing of the Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. René van der Veer is Professor of History of Educational Thinking at Leiden University, The Netherlands. His research addresses the work of key educational thinkers such as Gal’perin, Janet, Piaget, Vygotsky, Werner, and Wallon. In a longer study the origin of the idea of the social mind was traced. He is on the Editorial Board of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 相似文献