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191.
Michelle Noonan Helen Lindner Karen Walker 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2010,28(2):73-86
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a poorly understood illness that is characterized by profound and prolonged exhaustion and
has no clear pathological marker. This study investigated the role of illness severity and secondary beliefs in depression
among a CFS cohort, using the A–B–C framework of Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy. Empirical research has consistently
found that CFS patients tend to hold more negative cognitions about their illness, which could be associated with greater
severity and emotional deficits. Specifically, secondary beliefs were explored as a mediating factor; as evidence suggests
that secondary beliefs can result in dysfunctional emotions and/or behaviors, such as depression. Furthermore, it is estimated
that up to 80% of CFS patients concurrently have depression. There were 156 participants with CFS who completed a questionnaire
pack, which included the revised version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Secondary Beliefs Scale (SBS), and the
Cardiac Depression Scale. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that secondary beliefs mediated the relationship between
illness severity and depression. Specifically, the approval and comfort subscales of the SBS were significantly associated
with depression. The current findings indicated that secondary beliefs could be an important focus in treatment of depression
in chronic illness. As the mediating role of secondary beliefs is a new research finding, it is advised that further exploratory
research is required. 相似文献
192.
Previous research has shown that emotional stimuli interfere with ongoing activities. One explanation is that these stimuli
draw attention away from the primary task and thereby hamper the correct execution of the task. Another explanation is that
emotional stimuli cause a temporary freezing of all ongoing activity. We used a go/ no-go task to differentiate between these
accounts. According to the attention account, emotional distractors should impair performance on both go and no-go trials.
According to the freezing account, the presentation of emotional stimuli should be detrimental to performance on go trials,
but beneficial for performance on no-go trials. Our findings confirm the former prediction: Pictures high in emotional arousal
impaired performance on no-go trials. 相似文献
193.
Using Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined effective connectivity between three left hemisphere brain regions (inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, fusiform gyrus) and bilateral medial frontal gyrus in 12 children with reading difficulties (M age=12.4, range: 8.11-14.10) and 12 control children (M age=12.3, range: 8.9-14.11) during rhyming judgments to visually presented words. More difficult conflicting trials either had similar orthography but different phonology (e.g. pint-mint) or similar phonology but different orthography (e.g. jazz-has). Easier non-conflicting trials had similar orthography and phonology (e.g. dime-lime) or different orthography and phonology (e.g. staff-gain). The modulatory effect from left fusiform gyrus to left inferior parietal lobule was stronger in controls than in children with reading difficulties only for conflicting trials. Modulatory effects from left fusiform gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule to left inferior frontal gyrus were stronger for conflicting trials than for non-conflicting trials only in control children but not in children with reading difficulties. Modulatory effects from left inferior frontal gyrus to inferior parietal lobule, from medial frontal gyrus to left inferior parietal lobule, and from left inferior parietal lobule to medial frontal gyrus were positively correlated with reading skill only in control children. These findings suggest that children with reading difficulties have deficits in integrating orthography and phonology utilizing left inferior parietal lobule, and in engaging phonological rehearsal/segmentation utilizing left inferior frontal gyrus possibly through the indirect pathway connecting posterior to anterior language processing regions, especially when the orthographic and phonological information is conflicting. 相似文献
194.
van der Horst FC Leroy HA van der Veer R 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(4):370-388
From 1957 through the mid-1970s, John Bowlby, one of the founders of attachment theory, was in close personal and scientific
contact with Harry Harlow. In constructing his new theory on the nature of the bond between children and their caregivers,
Bowlby profited highly from Harlow’s experimental work with rhesus monkeys. Harlow in his turn was influenced and inspired
by Bowlby’s new thinking. On the basis of the correspondence between Harlow and Bowlby, their mutual participation in scientific
meetings, archival materials, and an analysis of their scholarly writings, both the personal relationship between John Bowlby
and Harry Harlow and the cross-fertilization of their work are described.
Frank C.P. van der Horst is a PhD student and Lecturer at the Centre for Child and Family Studies at Leiden University, The Netherlands. The work presented in this special issue is part of his doctoral thesis on the roots of Bowlby’s attachment theory. The defence of this thesis, titled John Bowlby and ethology: a study of cross-fertilization, is scheduled for early 2009. Helen A. LeRoy recently retired from the Harlow Primate Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison after working there for nearly half a century. During that time, she worked closely with Harry Harlow from her arrival in 1958 until his retirement in 1974. She was Harlow’s executive assistant and was his help and stay in the editing of the Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. René van der Veer is Professor of History of Educational Thinking at Leiden University, The Netherlands. His research addresses the work of key educational thinkers such as Gal’perin, Janet, Piaget, Vygotsky, Werner, and Wallon. In a longer study the origin of the idea of the social mind was traced. He is on the Editorial Board of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 相似文献
Frank C. P. van der HorstEmail: |
Frank C.P. van der Horst is a PhD student and Lecturer at the Centre for Child and Family Studies at Leiden University, The Netherlands. The work presented in this special issue is part of his doctoral thesis on the roots of Bowlby’s attachment theory. The defence of this thesis, titled John Bowlby and ethology: a study of cross-fertilization, is scheduled for early 2009. Helen A. LeRoy recently retired from the Harlow Primate Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison after working there for nearly half a century. During that time, she worked closely with Harry Harlow from her arrival in 1958 until his retirement in 1974. She was Harlow’s executive assistant and was his help and stay in the editing of the Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. René van der Veer is Professor of History of Educational Thinking at Leiden University, The Netherlands. His research addresses the work of key educational thinkers such as Gal’perin, Janet, Piaget, Vygotsky, Werner, and Wallon. In a longer study the origin of the idea of the social mind was traced. He is on the Editorial Board of Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences. 相似文献
195.
Leroy HA 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(4):348-353
On the basis of her personal reminiscences the author provides a picture of Harry Harlow’s personality. Harlow emerges as
an unassuming and witty person.
Dr. Frank C.P. van der Horst (fhorst@fsw.leidenuniv.nl) of Leiden University stands as the person to address correspondence
to.
相似文献
相似文献
196.
In this study, we focus on the conditions which permit people to assert a conditional statement of the form 'if p then q' with conversational relevance. In a broadly decision-theoretic approach, also drawing on hypothetical thinking theory [Evans, J. St. B. T. (2007). Hypothetical thinking: Dual processes in reasoning and judgement. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.], we predicted that conditional tips and promises would appear more useful and persuasive and be more likely to encourage an action p when (a) the conditional link from p to q was stronger, (b) the cost of the action p was lower and (c) the benefit of the consequence q was higher. Similarly, we predicted that conditional warnings and threats would be seen as more useful and persuasive and more likely to discourage an action p when (a) the conditional link from p to q was stronger, (b) the benefit of the action p was lower and (c) the cost of the consequence q was higher. All predictions were strongly confirmed, suggesting that such conditionals may best be asserted when they are of high relevance to the goals of the listener. 相似文献
197.
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199.
Helen E Penn 《Child neuropsychology》2006,12(1):57-79
This review paper integrates recent structural and functional imaging, postmortem, animal lesion, and neurochemical research about the pathophysiology of autism. An understanding of the neurobiological correlates of autism is becoming increasingly important as more children are diagnosed with the condition and funding for well-targeted interventions increases. Converging evidence suggests that autism involves abnormalities in brain volume, neurotransmitter systems, and neuronal growth. In addition, evidence firmly links autism with abnormalities in the cerebellum, the medial temporal lobe, and the frontal lobe. Potential implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are reviewed. 相似文献
200.