Regional cerebral blood flow during comprehension and speech (in cerebrally healthy subjects)

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the xenon-133 inhalation method in 10 cerebrally healthy subjects at rest and during linguistic activation tests. These consisted of a comprehension test (binaural listening to a narrative text) and a speech test (making sentences from a list of words presented orally at 30-s intervals). The comprehension task induced a moderate increase in the mean right CBF and in both inferior parietal areas, whereas the speech test resulted in a diffuse increase in the mean CBF of both hemispheres, predominating regionally in both inferior parietal, left operculary, and right upper motor and premotor areas. It is proposed that the activation pattern induced by linguistic stimulation depends on not only specific factors, such as syntactic and semantic aspects of language, but also the contents of the material proposed and the attention required by the test situation.     

Book Reviews

The Freud/Jung Letters. The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C. G. Jung. McG uire , W illiam (Ed.). Trs. by Ralph Manheim and R. C. F. Hull
F ordham , M., G ordon , R., H ubback , J., L ambert , K. and W illiams , M. Analytical psychology: A modern science. The library of analytical psychology, vol. 1
W eaver , R ix . The old wise woman. A study of active imagination
A igrisse , G ilberte . Psychogènese d'un poème: La route du sel (Roger Bodart)
A llen , D avid . The fear of looking or Scopophilic-exhibitionistic conflicts
R eitenback , H endrik M. (Ed.). The analytic situation
L uria , A. R. The man with a shattered world. The history of a brain wound. Trans. from the Russan by Lynn Solotaroff
H artmann , E rnest L. The functions of sleep
B enthall , J onathan (Ed): The limits of human nature     

Reviews

C. G. J ung , Experimental researches , (translated by L. Stein and D. Riviere from the German papers) Collected works , Vol. 2
K irsch , J ames . The reluctant prophet
M eltzer , D. Sexual states of mind
B rowning , D on : Generative man
C onway , R onald : The great Australian stupor
The function and nature of imagery . ed. Peter W. Sheehan
A ronson , A lex : Psyche and symbol in Shakespeare
S pector , J ack J.: The aesthetics of Freud. A study in psychoanalysis and art
The child: structure and dynamics of the nascent personality
Support, innovation and autonomy . Tavistock Clinic Golden Jubilee Papers. Edited by Robert Gosling
M ichael F ordham , R osemary G ordon , J udith H ubback and K enneth L ambert (co-Eds.) Technique in Jungian analysis The Library of Analytical Psychology. Volume 2
M ichael F ordham , R osemary G ordon , J udith H ubback and K enneth L ambert (Eds.), Technique in Jungian analysis. The Library of Analytical Psychology Vol. 2     

Effects of shock source and method of contact upon runway escape behavior

Rats performed better in a shock-escape apparatus with L-shaped metal strips as a runway when a constant-current (CC) shock source was used as compared to a matched impedance source. CC source superiority disappeared when the shock surface was wet (saline solution). Several additional demonstrations strongly suggest that the superiority of the CC source was not related to aversiveness per se but to responses peculiar to particular shock sources.     

Reviews

M eier , C arl A lfred , M.D. Jung's analytical psychology and religion.
J acoby , J olande . Masks of the soul.
G roddeck , G eorge . The meaning of illness.
J ahoda , M arie . Freud and the dilemmas of psychology.     

Reviews

von F ranz , M arie -L ouise . Time, rhythm and repose
S tolorow , R obert D. and A twood , G eorge E. Faces in a cloud; subjectivity in personality theory
G oldman , G. D. and M ilman , D. S. (Eds.). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy
G allant , C hristine . Blake and the assimilation of chaos
K enton , W. Astrology-the celestial mirror     

Language processing in bilinguals

The present study investigated the language processing strategies of three subgroups of adult bilinguals with different histories of language acquisition: infant bilinguals whose bilinguality dated from infancy; childhood bilinguals who became bilingual around 5 years of age; and adolescent bilinguals who had become bilingual at secondary school age only. All were completely balanced bilinguals in French and English at the time of testing. The experimental procedure, a language recognition task, required the subjects to indicate, by pressing a response button, whether each of a series of words, presented monaurally through earphones, was French or English. Concomitantly, left and right hemisphere EEG activity was monitored, with measures taken of latency to N₁, latency to P₂, and N₁-P₂ peak-to-peak amplitudes. Results indicated shorter latencies to N₁ in the left than in the right hemisphere for the infant and childhood bilinguals but shorter latencies in the right hemisphere for the adolescent bilinguals. Overall, the N₁ latency was shorter for the adolescent subgroup than for the two other subgroups. There were no RT differences. The findings appear to reflect strategy differences: The adolescent group seemed to rely more on a right hemisphere-based, possibly more gestalt-like or melodic strategy, while the early bilinguals relied more on a left hemisphere-based, possibly semantic or analytic type of strategy. The results are discussed in terms of previous research on bilingual subtypes and general forms of language processing among bilinguals.