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61.
Alan L. Berman PhD Ramya Sundararaman MD MPH Andrea Price EdM Josephine S. Au BA 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2014,44(6):710-722
Findings from 55 psychological autopsies of decedents who perished on U.S. railroad rights‐of‐way between October 1, 2007, and September 30, 2010 are reported. Described are distal, proximal, and contextual factors of risk; understandings of why these suicides occurred on railroad rights‐of‐way; and opportunities for prevention of similar suicides. International comparisons of suicides on railroad rights‐of‐way are made to highlight distinct findings regarding U.S. cases. Decedents studied exhibited considerable predisposing risk for suicide, with a high prevalence of severe mental disorders and substance abuse. In addition, a number of acute risk factors were commonly observed, notably suicide ideation, hopelessness, anxiety, and anger. In the context of that acute risk, associated situational variables and a relative absence of protective factors are described. 相似文献
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Shirley Yen PhD Kevin Kuehn BS Caitlin Melvin BA Lauren M. Weinstock PhD Margaret S. Andover PhD Edward A. Selby PhD Joel B. Solomon MD Anthony Spirito PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(1):13-22
Prospective predictors of persistent nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) were examined in adolescents admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit for suicidal behaviors and followed naturalistically for 6 months. Seventy‐one (77%) participants reported NSSI at baseline, and 40 (56%) persisted at the 6 month follow‐up. Those who endorsed automatic positive reinforcement (APR) as the predominant reason for NSSI were more likely to persist in NSSI. Depression over follow‐up, but not at baseline, also predicted persistence. These results suggest that helping high‐risk adolescents to identify alternative ways of generating emotion(s) to counter the effects of APR that may accompany NSSI should be a high priority treatment target. 相似文献
64.
Chaplains' Engagement with Suicidality among Their Service Users: Findings from the VA/DoD Integrated Mental Health Strategy 下载免费PDF全文
Marek S. Kopacz MD PhD Jason A. Nieuwsma PhD George L. Jackson PhD MHA Jeffrey E. Rhodes DMin William C. Cantrell MDiv Mark J. Bates PhD Keith G. Meador MD ThM MPH 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(2):206-212
Chaplains play an important role in supporting the mental health of current and former military personnel; in this study, the engagement of Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Army, Navy, and Air Force chaplains with suicidality among their service users were examined. An online survey was used to collect data from 440 VA and 1,723 Department of Defense (DoD) chaplains as part of the VA/DoD Integrated Mental Health Strategy. Differences were noted for demographics, work setting characteristics, encountering suicidality, and self‐perceived preparation for dealing with suicidality. Compared to DoD chaplains, VA chaplains encounter more at‐risk service users, yet feel less prepared for dealing with suicidality. 相似文献
65.
Effect of Problem‐Solving Therapy on Depressed Low‐Income Homebound Older Adults' Death/Suicidal Ideation and Hopelessness 下载免费PDF全文
Namkee G. Choi PhD C. Nathan Marti PhD Yeates Conwell MD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(3):323-336
Previous study findings of psychotherapy's effect on suicide prevention have been inconsistent. This study reports the results of secondary analyses of outcome data from a short‐term depression treatment on reducing death/suicidal ideation among 158 low‐income homebound adults aged 50+. The treatment, in‐person or telehealth problem‐solving therapy (PST), compared with telephone support call, has been found effective in reducing depressive symptoms and disability among participants. Compared with support call participants, tele‐PST participants, but not in‐person PST participants, exhibited lower ideation ratings across the follow‐up period. Effect sizes at 36 weeks were 0.31 for tele‐PST and 0.17 for in‐person PST. Hopelessness mediated the effect of tele‐PST but not in‐person PST; however, in‐person PST also alleviated hopelessness, which led to lower ideation. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Thomas Goetz Anne C. Frenzel Heidrun Stoeger Nathan C. Hall 《Motivation and emotion》2010,34(1):49-62
The focus of this study is on everyday positive emotions and their relations to critical appraisal antecedents. Following
from classical appraisal theory and Pekrun’s (2006) control-value theory of achievement emotions, two research questions were addressed, namely whether cognitive appraisals
of control and value were related to discrete positive emotions in everyday situations and whether control and value antecedents
interact in predicting these emotions. We further investigated whether control/value and positive emotion relations changed
as a function of situational factors (achievement vs. non-achievement settings). 50 university freshmen (78% female) were
assessed by use of the experience sampling method for a period of 1 week, with intraindividual analyses conducted using a
multilevel, idiographic approach. Consistent with our hypotheses, the emotions of enjoyment, pride, and contentment were positively
related to control and value appraisals. Further, control and value interacted to predict these positive emotions. The strength
of appraisal/positive emotion relations was equivalent across achievement vs. non-achievement settings. Implications for future
research are discussed. 相似文献
69.
Gerrit Hirschfeld Heidrun Bien Meinou de Vries Heidi Lüttmann Johannes Schwall 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(2):542-546
Several software programs exist to assist researchers in setting up online questionnaires. Existing tools are of little help
for delivering online rating studies, for which it is often desirable to collect data from participants for only a subset
of a stimulus set. OR-Vis enables researchers to quickly set up online rating studies by supplying the set of items to be
rated, the number of stimuli an individual participant responds to, the number of participants an item is shown to, and the
rating questions. The software then generates and delivers unique questionnaires for each participant, while managing the
data collection process. The present article describes OR-Vis, its installation process, and how to use it to gather data.
OR-Vis is open-source software and can be downloaded from www.orvis.uni-muenster.de. 相似文献
70.
Assoc. Prof. Imre Szecsödy MD PhD 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2007,23(4):393-401
The manifold functions of a supervisor in following the course of complex processes together with the trainee, are: ? to keep the goals of the supervision in view, ? to establish a teaching alliance and to support the wish and ambitions of the candidate to learn, ? to build a platform for the complex interactions with the trainee with regard to the dynamics of the training situation and keeping in mind the institutional influences, ? to lay down the setting for the work, ? to explore and to reflect how transference and counter-transference influence the interaction between patient and analyst as well as between trainee and supervisor, ? to examine these interactions together focussing continuously on the interaction between candidate and patient, and to encourage the candidate to do the same on his own, ? to continuously formulate hypotheses about the core conflict, the transference phenomena and resistance of the patient, ? to explore and reflect on the cooperative work. 相似文献