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51.
People often mimic others more if the other is liked, a member of an ingroup, or in a cooperative relationship with the observer; we call this the interpersonal attitude effect. This study examines the degree to which this attitude effect on mimicry is an automatic or an effortful process. While under cognitive load or no load, participants observed positive, negative, and neutral others making emotional expressions. Electromyography measured corrugator supercilii (knits brow) and zygomaticus major (raises corners of mouth) activity. Under load, participants mimicked smiles of positive individuals but not neutral or negative individuals. During no-load trials, participants did not mimic negative individuals, but did mimic smiles of neutral and positive individuals. Participants enhanced their smiles in response to the smiles of liked others without effort, but smiling at neutral others’ smiles required greater cognitive resources. 相似文献
52.
Laurence G. Weinzimmer Heidi M. Baumann Daniel P. Gullifor Veronika Koubova 《The Journal of social psychology》2017,157(3):322-337
In this study, we examine the dynamics between emotional intelligence, work-family balance, and job performance. A review of the literature to date has shown distinct relationships between emotional intelligence to job performance and work-family balance to job performance. We utilize a sample of 233 respondents to empirically test our set of hypotheses that contend work-family balance mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance. Our results support these hypotheses. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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54.
Unfavorable social determinants can impact mothering of young children who are homeless or poor housed and parent sense of competence. Social determinants influence on mothers’ parent sense of competence parent self-efficacy and satisfaction was investigated. Homeless mothers reported worse scores than poor housed mothers on 5 of 10 social determinants including: mother moves, abuse, un/underemployment, less stable partner relationships and student roles. Homeless mothers scored lower than poor housed mothers on parent sense of competence satisfaction and parent sense of competence total, but not on parent sense of competence efficacy. No one social determinant predicted parent sense of competence. Results underscore the need to address social determinants of health in occupational therapy community-based practice. 相似文献
55.
A model of contemporary butch identity has been constructed from the analysis of a series of semistructured interviews with butch-identified women who described their gender in relation to their own experiences and beliefs. The analytic process entailed a grounded theory approach (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). The results of the study describe how butch-identified women conceptualize their gender identity and how it affects their social relations within lesbian and heterosexual communities. The core category in this model (i.e., A Quest for Authenticity) frames butch identity as entailing an ongoing process of negotiation between an essential sense of lesbian gender and gender presentation demands that are understood in relation to the signification and meaning of genders across social contexts. 相似文献
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57.
Although analogical reasoning has long been a popular method of reasoning in bioethics, current literature does not sufficiently
grasp its variety. We assert that the main shortcoming is the fact that an analogy’s value is often judged on the extent of
similarity between the source situation and the target situation, while in (bio)ethics, analogies are often used because of certain dissimilarities rather than in spite of them. We make a clear distinction between dissimilarities that aim to reinforce a similar approach in the source situation
and the target situation and dissimilarities that aim to undermine or denounce a similar approach. The former kind of dissimilarity
offers the analogy more normative force than if there were no dissimilarities present; this is often overlooked by authors
who regard all relevant dissimilarities as detrimental to the analogy’s strength. Another observation is that an evaluation
of the normative force of an analogy cannot be made independently of moral principles or theories. Without these, one cannot
select which elements in an analogy are morally relevant nor determine how they should be interpreted. 相似文献
58.
Landmark use has been demonstrated in a variety of organisms, yet the manner in which landmarks are encoded and subsequently
used appears to vary between and sometimes within species, even when faced with identical landmark arrays. In the present
experiments, orangutans and human children were shown a square array of identical landmarks and were trained to locate a hidden
goal in the centre of the array. In Experiments 1 and 2, the search space appeared to be discrete, with white gridlines dividing
up the space, and in Experiments 3a and 3b, the search space was uniformly coloured, making it appear continuous. In all experiments,
following training, subjects were given a single expansion test, to determine their landmark strategy use, based on peak search
activity. The orangutans appeared to use absolute directional vectors from individual landmarks, with peak search activities
on the inner corners of the square array, and they used this strategy persistently. In contrast, human children showed two
landmark-based strategies, absolute directional vectors and a relational or “middle” strategy, with the majority of children
starting their search in the middle region. Although some children, especially young children, persistently used one strategy
like the orangutans, many changed strategies when the original one failed to yield the hidden goal. 相似文献
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60.
Gerrit Hirschfeld Heidrun Bien Meinou de Vries Heidi Lüttmann Johannes Schwall 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(2):542-546
Several software programs exist to assist researchers in setting up online questionnaires. Existing tools are of little help
for delivering online rating studies, for which it is often desirable to collect data from participants for only a subset
of a stimulus set. OR-Vis enables researchers to quickly set up online rating studies by supplying the set of items to be
rated, the number of stimuli an individual participant responds to, the number of participants an item is shown to, and the
rating questions. The software then generates and delivers unique questionnaires for each participant, while managing the
data collection process. The present article describes OR-Vis, its installation process, and how to use it to gather data.
OR-Vis is open-source software and can be downloaded from www.orvis.uni-muenster.de. 相似文献