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71.
Although various treatment approaches are available for alcohol problems, less than 25% of individuals with alcohol use disorders obtain treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate interest in attending alternative alcohol treatments, such as meditation and acupuncture, compared to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). A community sample of 156 adult participants concerned about their drinking were recruited through flyers and newspaper advertisements to complete a Web-based survey assessing identification with mainstream culture, sexual identity, and likelihood to attend alternative alcohol treatments. Participants reported higher likelihood of attending alternative treatments as compared to AA, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual participants (28.2% of the sample) were more likely to attend alternative treatments than heterosexual participants. A series of regression analyses were conducted to test whether the relationship between sexual identity and likelihood to attend alternative treatments was mediated by identification with mainstream culture. Participants who were less strongly identified with mainstream culture, regardless of sexual identity, reported higher likelihood of attending alternative treatments. These findings highlight that, for certain subgroups of the population, alternative treatments for alcohol misuse are appealing and suggest the need for future research testing the efficacy of alternative treatments for alcohol problems. 相似文献
72.
Jesse R. Cougle Heidi Resnick Dean G. Kilpatrick 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(12):1012-1017
Research has generally found a “dose relationship” between potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and the likelihood of developing PTSD, with greater number of events associated with greater likelihood. Most of these studies have been cross-sectional, however. A recent prospective study (Breslau, Peterson, & Schultz, 2008) found that PTSD response to prior potentially traumatic event (PTE) exposure, rather than prior exposure itself, acts as a risk factor for PTSD in response to subsequent PTE; however, this analysis combined many different types of events, and the unique contribution of specific events (e.g., assault) that may be associated with differential risk of PTSD was indeterminable. The present study examined the effects of cumulative PTE exposure prospectively using a two-wave design in the National Survey of Adolescents (N = 1703). History of assault and witnessing serious violence were the focal PTEs examined. Wave I assault without PTSD was found to predict PTSD at Wave II following exposure to new assault or witnessed violence; however, among those without prior PTSD, Wave I witnessed violence did not increase risk of subsequent PTSD following exposure. 相似文献
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Sylvie Gravel Annick Germain Heidi Hoernig 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2009,10(2):197-208
In recent years, ethnic statistics have been at the core of a passionate debate in many Europeans countries. This debate has been as much about the political legitimacy of ethnoracial data collection in the census as it has been about the scientific legitimacy of ethnic statistics to understand social inequality and discrimination. These questions have not provoked the same kind of intense debate among academics in Canada. However, very few studies have examined the relevance of these issues beyond the census. This paper presents results of an exploratory study conducted with 14 major public institutions across diverse sectors including health, law enforcement and public safety, social services, and housing in Montréal. Investigating which institutions collects ethnic statistics and why, the study examined the political, scientific, ethical, and pragmatic issues raised by local managers. 相似文献
75.
Hämäläinen H Kujala T Kekoni J Hurskainen H Pirilä J Wikström H Huotilainen M 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2007,48(5):367-373
Auditory orienting and discrimination were studied with combined multi-channel EEG and MEG recordings in a patient with unilateral amygdala-hippocampus-partial temporal lobe resection of the right hemisphere. The results revealed abnormalities of habituation in alerting- and orienting-related responses, and discrimination-related responses, elicited by auditory stimulation contralateral to the resected cerebral hemisphere. These results give support to the notions about the role of the amygdala and hippocampus in alerting and orienting, respectively, and of the temporal cortex in auditory discrimination. 相似文献
76.
Male gerbils have larger ventral scent glands, and they mark more than females. In both sexes, scent gland activity is dependent on gonadal hormones. Observations on colonies of gerbils, living in enclosures or cages, showed that both scent gland size and marking behaviour were related to social status. In colonies founded by a single pair, breeding was confined to the original female. The infertility of the daughters was due to failure of sexual maturation. As this was always associated with a lack of development of the scent glands, the functional state of the latter could be used as an index of fecundity. A change in social organization (eg removal of the parents) caused previously infertile females to conceive and was accompanied by development of the scent glands If there was competition for dominance, the scent glands of the losers regressed; at autopsy, their ovaries and uteri appeared to be nonfunctional. The founding father usually had a larger scent gland than his sons, but the inhibition of sexual function was not as severe as in the females. However, the father characteristically showed much more marking behaviow in a neutral territory than his sons. None of the fem ales-except the mother-showed appreciable marking, and her scores were much lower than those of the dominant male. Asymptotic populations were reached at about the same level in enclosures and cages, implicating an intrinsic capacity for control independent of the number of animals per unit of space but probably related to the natural size of a social group. Stabilization of numbers was achieved not only by reproductive inhibition of young females, but also by cessation of breeding by the founding mother and death of litters. Littermates raised in enclosures without their parents showed delayed sexual maturation accompanied by fighting which resulted in the formation of a hierarchy headed by a breeding female and a dominant (marking) male. 相似文献
77.
Heidi A. Wayment Roxane Cohen Silver Margaret E. Kemeny 《Journal of applied social psychology》1995,25(3):187-209
Many gay men who have tested negative for HIV were sexually active prior to a general awareness of how HIV is transmitted. Based on the work of Lifton (1980), such HIV-negative gay men may be considered “survivors” since they have witnessed the deaths of many members of their community and have been spared. Survivors may be expected to manifest one or more of three survivor reactions: guilt about surviving (HIV-related guilt), anxiety about dying (AIDS-related death anxiety), and blunted affect. The present study employed structural equation modeling in samples of HIV-negative (N= 129) and HIV-positive (N= 95) gay men to assess psychological and behavioral variables predictive of the presence of a survivor reaction. Survivor reactions were uniquely predicted among HIV-negative gay men. The larger the number of sexual partners HIV-negative gay men reported having had prior to 1984, the more likely they were to experience a survivor reaction. Greater satisfaction with social support from gay friends, and, indirectly, gay-related community group involvement, was associated with being less likely to experience a survivor reaction. 相似文献
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Identity coactivation: Person and situation influences and the mediating role of experienced conflict 下载免费PDF全文
This study tests a model of identity coactivation by empirically exploring coactivation experiences. Integrating identity research with the cognitive‐affective personality system, our model proposes the importance of self‐concept clarity (an individual difference), along with identification and level of self‐representation (two situational aspects), in understanding cognitive and emotional responses to identity coactivation. A moderated mediation model was tested on a final sample of 132 undergraduate students. Results show that self‐concept clarity and levels of self‐representation are associated with emotional discomfort, mediated by the described conflict between the coactivated identities. Further, the mediational path from levels of self‐representation to discomfort through conflict is moderated by identification with the coactivated identities. Findings suggest discomfort is reduced by both individual and situational variables. 相似文献