Heidi L. Maibom 《Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science》2012,3(2):253-263

This article discusses the emotional reactions most commonly associated with empathy and their relation to prosocial or altruistic action, aggression inhibition, and understanding others. In What is Empathy?, I characterize the distinct emotional reactions most commonly associated with empathy: empathy, sympathy, personal distress, and emotional contagion. In Measures of Empathy, I discuss the most common measures of dispositional and situational empathy. In Empathy, Prosocial Action, and Altruism, I consider the evidence that empathy, sympathy, and personal distress induce prosocial motivation. I conclude that sympathy is most strongly associated with prosocial, even altruistic, motivation. In Empathy and Aggression Inhibition, I examine the evidence that empathy inhibits aggression. The evidence is inconclusive. In Empathy and Mindreading, I briefly discuss empathy and mindreading, with an eye toward recent evidence concerning mirror neurons. I conclude by linking our current understanding of empathy to the philosophical tradition, and by offering some speculative remarks. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:253–263. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1165 This article is categorized under:

• Psychology > Emotion and Motivation

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Abraham P. Buunk  Femke T.C. Bennenbroek  Heidi E. Stiegelis  Alfons C.M. van den Bergh  Robbert Sanderman  Mariët Hagedoorn 《Psychology & health》2013,28(6):641-654

Objective: To examine how social comparison orientation (SCO) moderates the effects of three types of social comparison information on the global quality of life of cancer patients 2 weeks and 3 months later. Design: Cancer patients (n?=?226) were provided with social comparison information just prior to undergoing radiation therapy, using audiotapes. Each participant was confronted with one of three tapes: (1) focusing on procedural aspects, (2) focusing on emotional reactions and (3) focusing on coping strategies. Main outcome measures: Quality of life as measured with the Cantril self-anchoring scale [Cantril, H. (1965). The pattern of human concerns. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press]. Results: With increasing SCO, a lower quality of life was reported after listening to the emotion tape, while a higher quality of life was reported after listening to the coping tape. These effects were found 2 weeks as well as 3 months after the radiation therapy had ended. Conclusion: Social comparison information may have longitudinal effects on quality of life, but these effects are to an important extent dependent on the nature of the information and individual differences in SCO.  相似文献   

    

Heidi M. Zinzow  Thomas W. Britt  Cynthia L. S. Pury  Mary Anne Raymond  Anna C. McFadden  Crystal M. Burnette 《Military psychology》2013,25(5):514-535

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William S. MacAllister  Luba Nakhutina  Heidi A. Bender  Stella Karantzoulis  Chad Carlson 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(6):521-531

Effort assessment is of particular importance in pediatric epilepsy where neuropsychological findings may influence treatment decisions, especially if surgical interventions are being considered. The present investigation examines the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in 60 children and adolescents with epilepsy. The overall pass rate for the sample was 90%. TOMM scores were unrelated to age, though there was a significant correlation between TOMM Trial 2 scores and intelligence estimates. Overall, the TOMM appears to be a valid measure of effort in young epilepsy patients, though caution should be used when interpreting scores for those with very low IQ, especially if behavioral problems are also evident. Caution should also be exercised in interpreting scores in children with ongoing interictal epileptiform activity that may disrupt attention.  相似文献   

    

Brodsky AE  Rogers Senuta K  Weiss CL  Marx CM  Loomis C  Arteaga SS  Moore H  Benhorin R  Castagnera-Fletcher A 《American journal of community psychology》2004,33(3-4):229-241

This paper explores the role of relationships within and between the community of the researchers and the community of the research participants, as they relate to qualitative, community psychology research. Although relationships are salient to all research, their role is particularly prominent in qualitative research, in which a closer rapport is established between researcher and research participant than in quantitative research, and the impact of both sides of this interaction on the research process is acknowledged. Instead of merely looking at the community and relationships of the participants, the usual focus of research, this paper also explores the often-overlooked community and relationships of the researchers and then goes on to look at the impact on the research process of the interaction of these two separate communities. This inside story, while seldom explicitly explored or articulated, has implications for community research in general and particularly for applied research.  相似文献   

    

Robert M. Davison Avils  Manuel P. Guerrero  Heidi Barajas Howarth  Glenn Thomas 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1999,77(4):465-473

Chicano/Latino drop out was investigated in a qualitative study, conducting focus group interviews with Chicano/Latinos who had dropped out of high school. Participant responses revealed themes of alienation and discrimination in the school setting. The roles of school counselors as multicultural advocates and community-family-school liaisons are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Heidi P Forster 《The Journal of clinical ethics》1999,10(3):247-258

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  总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Heidi A. Wayment  Shelley E. Taylor 《Journal of personality》1995,63(4):729-757

ABSTRACT At least three motives guide self-evaluation: accuracy, self-enhancement, and self-improvement. To satisfy these motives, self-evaluation may utilize different information sources. Self-esteem may also moderate self-evaluation strategies. Participants evaluated the frequency and usefulness of eight types of information for meeting the three motives in two life domains: academics and social life. Personal standards information was reported to be used more frequently than objective or social comparison information and also perceived as most useful for meeting all three motives. Individuals low in self-esteem reported using more social comparison information than those high in self-esteem, especially upward social comparison information. Individuals with high self-esteem reported using personal standards information more often than they used social comparison information, while individuals with low self-esteem relied equally often on these two types of information. Discussion focuses on the role social comparison information may have for those with unstable self-concepts.  相似文献   

    

Johansen-Berg H  Jarrett CB  Ravilious K 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2002,6(8):331-332

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Johansen-Berg H  Jarrett C  Ravilious K  Lyddy F 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2002,6(6):235-236

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