Heidi P Forster 《The Journal of clinical ethics》1999,10(3):247-258

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  总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Heidi A. Wayment  Shelley E. Taylor 《Journal of personality》1995,63(4):729-757

ABSTRACT At least three motives guide self-evaluation: accuracy, self-enhancement, and self-improvement. To satisfy these motives, self-evaluation may utilize different information sources. Self-esteem may also moderate self-evaluation strategies. Participants evaluated the frequency and usefulness of eight types of information for meeting the three motives in two life domains: academics and social life. Personal standards information was reported to be used more frequently than objective or social comparison information and also perceived as most useful for meeting all three motives. Individuals low in self-esteem reported using more social comparison information than those high in self-esteem, especially upward social comparison information. Individuals with high self-esteem reported using personal standards information more often than they used social comparison information, while individuals with low self-esteem relied equally often on these two types of information. Discussion focuses on the role social comparison information may have for those with unstable self-concepts.  相似文献   

    

Di Catherwood  Amanda Cramm  Helen Foster 《Developmental science》2003,6(1):62-66

This experiment assessed whether prior exposure to one visual stimulus could result in differential hemispheric responsiveness to a subsequent visual stimulus. The latency of saccadic orientation to a star‐shaped stimulus in the left or right visual field was assessed for 24 infants (mean age 22 weeks, SD 4.5) after exposure to either an upright or inverted facial pattern in the central visual field. The response to the lateral stimulus was equivalent in either visual field after exposure to the inverted facial pattern, but was significantly slower (p = 0.043) in the LVF (RH) than the RVF (LH) following presentation of the upright facial pattern. The outcome confirms that the processing of one visual stimulus may lead to differential hemispheric readiness to engage with a subsequent visual stimulus.  相似文献   

    

Johansen-Berg H  Jarrett CB  Ravilious K 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2002,6(8):331-332

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Johansen-Berg H  Jarrett C  Ravilious K  Lyddy F 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2002,6(6):235-236

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Lisa N. Britton  James E. Carr  Heidi J. Landaburu  Kimberlee S. Romick 《Behavioral Interventions》2002,17(2):93-103

Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), in the form of continuous access to preferred leisure items, has recently been reported as a successful treatment for automatically reinforced aberrant behavior. However, previous research has shown that the outcome of such procedures can be compromised under certain circumstances, such as when the response effort required to access leisure items is increased. The purpose of the current study was to assess the efficacy of two variations of NCR as treatment for automatically reinforced stereotypy. In the first phase of the study, functional analyses revealed that the stereotypy of three individuals with developmental disabilities was maintained independent of social consequences. A sensory class assessment was then conducted to identify the specific sensory products that appeared to maintain the behaviors. Finally, we evaluated the effects of NCR (using stimuli identified in the previous assessments) under two conditions. In the first condition, the leisure item was made freely available, by placing it on the table in front of the participant. In the other condition, an experimenter prompted the participant to interact with the leisure item at the beginning of the session. The results indicated that NCR successfully competed with stereotypy only when participants were prompted to interact with the leisure item. These findings are discussed in the context of developing NCR interventions for automatically reinforced aberrant behavior. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Claudia L. Dozier  James E. Carr  Kimberley Enloe  Heidi Landaburu  Dixie Eastridge  Karen Kate Kellum 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2001,34(3):337-340

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of fixed‐time (FT) schedules to maintain behavior. Two children who had been diagnosed with autism were taught a functional task. Subsequently, three different FT schedules (i.e., yoked, thin, dense) were compared to determine their capacity to maintain task responding. Results suggested that FT schedules may be used to maintain previously acquired behavior.  相似文献   

    

David Hagner  Kelly McGahie  Heidi Cloutier 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2001,38(4):197-206

This article describes a model process for providing career services to individuals with severe disabilities and presents the outcomes of a 3‐year demonstration project. After completing a career workshop series based at a community college followed by job search support and ongoing follow‐up with employers and employees, all 40 project participants achieved paid employment, with 74.4% employed midway through Year 3. Jobs represented a wide range of occupational areas, and most jobs paid over the minimum wage and included benefits. Implications for enhancing career services and outcomes for this population are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Virginia A. Marchman  Katherine A. Adams  Elizabeth C. Loi  Anne Fernald  Heidi M. Feldman 《Child neuropsychology》2016,22(6):649-665

As rates of prematurity continue to rise, identifying which preterm children are at increased risk for learning disabilities is a public health imperative. Identifying continuities between early and later skills in this vulnerable population can also illuminate fundamental neuropsychological processes that support learning in all children. At 18 months adjusted age, we used socioeconomic status (SES), medical variables, parent-reported vocabulary, scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (third edition) language composite, and children’s lexical processing speed in the looking-while-listening (LWL) task as predictor variables in a sample of 30 preterm children. Receptive vocabulary as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (fourth edition) at 36 months was the outcome. Receptive vocabulary was correlated with SES, but uncorrelated with degree of prematurity or a composite of medical risk. Importantly, lexical processing speed was the strongest predictor of receptive vocabulary (r = ?.81), accounting for 30% unique variance. Individual differences in lexical processing efficiency may be able to serve as a marker for information processing skills that are critical for language learning.  相似文献   

Military Metaphors and Their Contribution to the Problems of Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment in the “War” Against Cancer     

Heidi Malm 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2016,16(10):19-21

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