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Carly Molloy Lex W. Doyle Maria Makrides Peter J. Anderson 《Neuropsychology review》2012,22(4):425-437
Preterm children are at risk for a number of visual impairments which can be important for a range of other more complex visuocognitive tasks reliant on visual information. Despite the relatively high incidence of visual impairments in this group there are no good predictors that would allow early identification of those at risk for adverse outcomes. Several lines of evidence suggest that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation for preterm infants may improve outcomes in this area. For example, diets deficient in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA have been shown to reduce its concentration in the cerebral cortex and retina, which interferes with physiological processes important for cognition and visual functioning. Further, various studies with pregnant and lactating women, as well as formula-fed infants, have demonstrated a general trend that supplementation with dietary DHA is associated with better childhood outcomes on tests of visual and cognitive development over the first year of life. However, research to date has several methodological limitations, including concentrations of DHA supplementation that have been too low to emulate the in utero accretion of DHA, using single measures of visual acuity to make generalised assumptions about the entire visual system, and little attempt to match what we know about inadequate DHA and structural ramifications with how specific functions may be affected. The objective of this review is to consider the role of DHA in the context of visual processing with a specific emphasis on preterm infants and to illustrate how future research may benefit from marrying what we know about structural consequences to inadequate DHA with functional outcomes that likely have far-reaching ramifications. Factors worth considering for clinical neuropsychological evaluation are also discussed. 相似文献
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THE EYE OF THE BEGETTER: PREDICTING INFANT ATTACHMENT DISORGANIZATION FROM WOMEN'S PRENATAL INTERPRETATIONS OF INFANT FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
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Rosemary E. Bernstein Catherine M. Tenedios Heidemarie K. Laurent Jeffery R. Measelle Jennifer C. Ablow 《Infant mental health journal》2014,35(3):233-244
Infant–caregiver attachment disorganization has been linked to many long‐term negative psychosocial outcomes. While various prevention programs appear to be effective in preventing disorganized attachment, methods currently used to identify those at risk are unfortunately either overly general or impractical. The current investigation tested whether women's prenatal biases in identifying infant expressions of emotion—tendencies previously shown to relate to some of the maternal variables associated with infant attachment, including maternal traumatization, trauma symptoms, and maternal sensitivity—could predict infant attachment classification at 18 months postpartum. Logistic regression analyses revealed that together with women's adult history of high betrayal traumatization, response concordance with a normative reference sample in labeling infant expressions as negatively valenced, and the number of infant facial expressions that participants classified as “sad” and “angry” predicted subsequent infant attachment security versus disorganization. Implications for screening and prevention are discussed. 相似文献
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Parenting-related childhood learning history and panic vulnerability: a test using a laboratory-based biological challenge procedure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leen-Feldner EW Blumenthal H Babson K Bunaciu L Feldner MT 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(9):1009-1016
A small but growing literature highlights specific parenting behaviors in increasing panic vulnerability among offspring. The current study examined the association between parenting-related instrumental and observational learning of sick-role behavior during childhood and reactivity to a panic-relevant biological challenge procedure that has evidenced predictive validity in terms of panic onset. Participants were 93 physically and psychologically healthy young adults (39 females; Mage = 23.41 years). As expected, results indicated that instrumental learning experiences involving (panic-relevant) arousal-reactive symptoms predicted increased post-challenge anxiety, arousal, and negative affective valence, even after accounting for variability associated with other theoretically relevant variables (e.g., anxiety sensitivity). Consistent with prior work, this learning history effect was specific to arousal-reactive, as opposed to arousal non-reactive, symptoms. Unexpectedly, observational learning was not related to challenge responding. Findings are discussed in terms of the potential role of parenting in etiologic models of panic development. 相似文献
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Heidemarie Lex Sara Weisenbach Jacob Sloane Sana Syed Eva Rasky Wolfgang Freidl 《Psychology, health & medicine》2018,23(4):411-423
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory auto-immune disease of the central nervous system. It leads to many impairments including physical, cognitive, psychological, and social challenges. Our study examined gender and cultural associations with quality of life (QoL), personal characteristics, and benefits from having MS among those with MS. The study was conducted in Austria and the United States. The sample included 128 participants, 64 in each country, of whom 78 were women and 50 were men aged between 20 and 57 years. We used standard statistical tests, including analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) and partial correlations for the analysis of quantitative data. For the qualitative part of the survey we used semi-structured interviews, which we transcribed and coded to identify categories in the answers for qualitative analyses. Austrian participants with MS perceived a higher social-emotional QoL in comparison to American participants. American participants expressed a higher self-esteem in comparison to Austrian participants. Men reported a lower ability to express love than women. Independent of sex/gender and nationality, participants reported benefits through the disease, especially with regard to improved compassion, mindfulness, improved family relations and lifestyle gains. The qualitative interviews revealed additional gender differences for coping with the illness; and in experiences, expectations, and challenges related to MS. These insights can be used to develop targeted psychological and social support interventions aimed toward improving social-emotional QoL for persons with MS. 相似文献
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Examining morning HPA axis activity as a moderator of hostile,over‐reactive parenting on children's skills for success in school
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Urlings Miriam J. E. Duyx Bram Swaen Gerard M. H. Bouter Lex M. Zeegers Maurice P. A. 《Science and engineering ethics》2020,26(6):3053-3067
Science and Engineering Ethics - Citing of previous publications is an important factor in knowledge development. Because of the great amount of publications available, only a selection of studies... 相似文献
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