Applicant Gender and Family Structure: Effects on Perceived Relocation Commitment and Spouse Resistance

Within the context of a controlled laboratory study, the effects of applicant gender, marital type (single earner, dual earner), and parental status (child, no child) on perceptions of job applicant commitment to a move involving geographic relocation and expected family resistance to the move were investigated. The results indicated that gender and family structure variables interacted in their influence on the dependent variables. Participants also provided reasons for their ratings of perceived commitment. Content analysis revealed 4 themes underlying participant responses: family concerns, goals and motivation of applicant, experience of applicant, and individual differences.     

Brief functional analysis and treatment of eye poking

A brief functional analysis suggested that eye poking exhibited by a 5‐year‐old boy diagnosed with cortical visual impairment was maintained by automatic reinforcement. Levels of eye poking in additional conditions suggested that the behavior might be maintained by visual stimulation. Response blocking through the use of safety goggles effectively reduced eye poking in the analog setting. Data from the natural environment suggest that, during intervention, eye poking was confined to times when response blocking was not in effect. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Why Do High Self‐Monitors Emerge as Leaders in Small Groups? A Comparative Analysis of the Behaviors of High Versus Low Self‐Monitors1

The current study examined the relationship between self‐monitoring and leader emergence focusing on the specific observable behaviors that differentiate high and low self‐monitors in small decision groups. Consistent with previous research, high self‐monitors were more likely to emerge as leaders than were low self‐monitors. Further, observational ratings of task‐oriented and relationship‐oriented leader behaviors made by trained raters blind to the purpose of the study indicated that high self‐monitors emerged as leaders by engaging in significantly more task‐oriented leader behaviors. In contrast, no differences were found in relationship‐oriented leader behaviors between high and low self‐monitors. The findings are discussed in the context of behavioral approaches to the study of leadership and research on self‐monitoring. Implications for research on leader emergence, group process, and research methods are also provided, along with directions for future research.     

Black Applicants’ Reactions to Affirmative Action Plans: Influence of Perceived Procedural Fairness,Anticipated Stigmatization,and Anticipated Remediation of Previous Injustice1

This research was conducted to understand why Black applicants might react negatively to affirmative action plans (AAPs) designed to benefit them. Black engineering students (N= 2,480) reacted to 1 of 8 AAPs, to which they were randomly assigned. Two manipulations were used to form the 8 different plans: plan content (eliminate discrimination, recruitment, training, weak preferential treatment) and plan frame (affirmative action vs. diversity). The effect of plan content on job‐pursuit intentions was mediated by perceived procedural fairness, anticipated remediation of injustice, and anticipated stigmatization. Job‐pursuit intentions were related to interactions between perceived fairness and anticipated remediation, between perceived fairness and anticipated stigmatization, and between plan content and respondent experiences with discrimination and racism. Plan frame affected only anticipated remediation of previous injustice. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

Perceptions of Singles and Single Parents: A Laboratory Experiment1

Two hundred forty undergraduates rated their perceptions of an individual for a job requiring relocation using a 2 × 3 (Gender: Single Male, Single Female × Child: No Child, 3‐Year‐Old, 6‐Year‐Old) between‐subjects experimental design. Findings indicate that single parents are perceived as having a more difficult time adjusting to a move but are also perceived to be more mature than childless singles. Single parents are also more likely to be offered a job that did not require relocation and are more likely to be awarded a merit‐based stipend than childless singles. Support was also found for the hypothesized mediating role of perceptions of adjustment and maturity in understanding actions taken toward single parents. The results are discussed in terms of implications for future research and applied practice.