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641.
642.
Katarina Alanko Pekka Santtila Nicole Harlaar Katarina Witting Markus Varjonen Patrik Jern Ada Johansson Bettina von der Pahlen N. Kenneth Sandnabba 《Sex roles》2008,58(11-12):837-847
The association between childhood gender atypical behavior (GAB) i.e. behavior traditionally considered more typical for children of the opposite sex, and adult psychiatric symptoms as well as cold or over-controlling parenting style as a moderator of the association were studied in a sample of 1767 Finnish participants aged 33 to 43 years (M?=?37.5). Participants completed the Gender Identity/Gender Role Questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory 18, and the Measure of Parenting Style. Regression analyses showed that women recalled more GAB than men did, and that participants who recalled more GAB reported significantly more psychiatric symptoms. Negative parenting style was associated with psychiatric symptoms. Structural equation modeling showed that parenting style significantly moderated the association between childhood GAB and adult psychiatric symptoms with positive parenting reducing the association and negative parenting sustaining it. 相似文献
643.
Meta-analyses have established elevated fibrinogen and D-dimer levels in the circulation as biological risk factors for the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we investigated whether vital exhaustion (VE), a known psychosocial risk factor for CAD, is associated with fibrinogen and D-dimer levels in a sample of apparently healthy school teachers. The teaching profession has been proposed as a potentially high stressful occupation due to enhanced psychosocial stress at the workplace. Plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were measured in 150 middle-aged male and female teachers derived from the first year of the Trier-Teacher-Stress-Study. Log-transformed levels were analyzed using linear regression. Results yielded a significant association between VE and fibrinogen (p = 0.02) but not D-dimer controlling for relevant covariates. Further investigation of possible interaction effects resulted in a significant association between fibrinogen and the interaction term "VE x gender" (p = 0.05). In a secondary analysis, we reran linear regression models for males and females separately. Gender-specific results revealed that the association between fibrinogen and VE remained significant in males but not females. In sum, the present data support the notion that fibrinogen levels are positively related to VE. Elevated fibrinogen might be one biological pathway by which chronic work stress may impact on teachers' cardiovascular health in the long run. 相似文献
644.
Prerecorded video footage of 9 female and 13 male Olympic level athletes swimming underwater by using the dolphin kick was analyzed and comparisons of the stroke kinematics were made with a previous analysis of cetacean swimming conducted by Rohr and Fish (Rohr, J. J., & Fish, F. E. (2004). Strouhal numbers and optimization of swimming by odontocete cetaceans. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 207, 1633-1642). The velocities of the swimmers ranged from 1.12 m/s to 1.85 m/s which corresponded to a range of effort levels. While some swimmers performed the dolphin kick on their backs (dorsal), others employed the prone (ventral) or the side (lateral) position and no distinctions were made between these positions when considering the results. The raw quantities measured were body length L (from the fingertips of the outstretched arms to the tips of the toes), time T(L) taken by the swimmer to traverse a body length, kick amplitude A at the toes, and the number of video frames per kick. These allowed us to determine the average velocity U of the swimmer, the kick frequency f, the reduced or length-specific velocity U/L (body lengths traversed per second), and the non-dimensional quantities kick amplitude A/L, the Strouhal number fA/U (ratio of tip or toe speed to forward speed) and the quantity fL/U (kicks per body length traversed). Trends of these dimensional and non-dimensional quantities were examined for the swimmers and compared to the cetaceans. Results showed that humans and cetaceans have comparable non-dimensional kick amplitudes, but kick frequency in humans was greater than for cetaceans swimming at equivalent speeds. Human swimmers required up to five kicks per body length traveled, while cetaceans require only 1.3. Length-specific velocities reached a maximum of 0.81 for humans and this was about half that of cetaceans. Human swimmers had a mean Strouhal number of 0.80, which was above the range considered optimal for underwater undulatory propulsion. 相似文献
645.
Monica Hartzell Jaakko Seikkula Anne-Liis von Knorring 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2009,31(3):177-192
The first meeting in psychotherapeutic and psychosocial work, has a big impact on the continuation. It is a less explored
research field. Children’s “voices” tend to come in the back-ground in family therapy and other settings. In a project at
CAP (Child and Adolescent Psychiatry) the children’s views were collected in interviews with parents and therapists present.
The grounded theory analysis process was used. The children addressed the importance of the therapist’s actions and positions
in helping them to be able to communicate and to be in a dialogue. To be accepted and allowed to express feelings was important,
and so was how the therapist managed to adjust to each person in the room and give space for various perspectives. 相似文献
646.
Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity, and children's functioning at school entry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Campbell SB Matestic P von Stauffenberg C Mohan R Kirchner T 《Developmental psychology》2007,43(5):1202-1215
Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, the authors modeled trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from infant age 1 month to 7 years. The authors identified 6 trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms: high-chronic, moderate-increasing, high-decreasing, intermittent, moderate-stable, and low-stable. Women on these depression trajectories varied in sociodemographic risk and in changes in observed maternal sensitivity over time. Maternal sensitivity was generally higher and increased when depressive symptoms were low; sensitivity was lower and decreased when depressive symptoms were either high or increasing. Child outcomes at 1st grade were examined by trajectory group. The authors discuss the complexity of disentangling maternal symptoms from maternal sensitivity and sociodemographic risk when predicting children's functioning. 相似文献
647.
Hunt AR von Mühlenen A Kingstone A 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2007,33(2):271-284
Eye movements are often misdirected toward a distractor when it appears abruptly, an effect known as oculomotor capture. Fundamental differences between eye movements and attention have led to questions about the relationship of oculomotor capture to the more general effect of sudden onsets on performance, known as attentional capture. This study explores that issue by examining the time course of eye movements and manual localization responses to targets in the presence of sudden-onset distractors. The results demonstrate that for both response types, the proportion of trials on which responses are erroneously directed to sudden onsets reflects the quality of information about the visual display at a given point in time. Oculomotor capture appears to be a specific instance of a more general attentional capture effect. Differences and similarities between the two types of capture can be explained by the critical idea that the quality of information about a visual display changes over time and that different response systems tend to access this information at different moments in time. 相似文献
648.
We examined whether the implicit association test (IAT) could serve as an implicit measure of the dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of Personality. In the first study (N = 84) IAT-effects of the Big-Five (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness) were found and the IAT showed good internal consistencies and convergent validity with an explicit Big-Five questionnaire (NEO-FFI-30). In a second study (N = 50), conducted to determine the overlap of the personality-IATs with implicit self-esteem, the Extraversion and the Neuroticism-IAT were shown to correlate with a self-esteem-IAT only moderately. 相似文献
649.
Monsen JT von der Lippe AL Havik OE Halvorsen MS Eilertsen DE 《Journal of personality assessment》2007,88(2):235-245
In this study, we examined the reliability and construct validity of the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Introject Surface, Intrex long form A (SASB-IS; Benjamin, 1995) in 2 Norwegian samples. The fit of the 8 SASB-IS scales to the structural requirements of a circumplex model with relaxed equal spacing constraints was reasonably good in an outpatient sample, but poor in a normal reference sample. The deviations from the equal spacing based on an ideal circumplex model, however, seem to have minimal implications for the utility of the instrument in clinical assessment. The reliability of the SASB-IS was acceptable on most scales, but two scales had unacceptable low reliability. Correspondence with external criteria supported the validity of the SASB-IS in both samples. Profile patterns related to different segments of the introject circumplex model were systematically related to severity of psychopathology: Hostile and accepting patterns of self-relatedness formed polar opposites; control patterns and intermediate patterns gave intermediate pathology scores. 相似文献
650.
Dyspnea and pain are similarly unpleasant, alarming physical sensations, but studies examining both sensations in combination
are lacking. In the present study, dyspnea was induced in 7 healthy volunteers by breathing through inspiratory resistive
loads and the effects were compared with those of a heat pain stimulus. End-tidal partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PETCO2), inspiratory time (Ti), breathing frequency (f), experienced unpleasantness, and intensity were measured. No difference was observed between dyspnea and pain in experienced
intensity and unpleasantness (p >.05). During dyspneic stimulation, slightly higherTi was found than for pain (p<.08). PETCO2 showed slight increases during the dyspneic versus the baseline and painful conditions (ΔPETCO2=1.5 and 1.3 mmHg, respectively;p<.01 andp<.05). This study shows that the effects of dyspnea and heat pain can be compared within one experiment; both stimuli can
be presented with similar intensity and unpleasantness, which is a prerequisite for comparing responses to them. The changes
in PETCO2 between our conditions were minimal, allowing an application of the present design to future fMRI studies. 相似文献