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The contribution of fear of failing to paradoxical performance decrements under pressure (choking) before a supportive, home team audience was explored. A further analysis of archival baseball data presented by Baumeister and Steinhilber (1984) was undertaken. Home teams that took the lead, and for whom achieving a positive identity was therefore salient, and home teams that fell behind, and for whom fear of acquiring a negative identity was salient, choked in the decisive seventh game of the World Series. Choking was reflected by both a relative inability of the home team to maintain a lead or overcome a deficit in game 7 and by increases in the rate at which fielding errors were committed by home teams which had taken the lead or fallen behind in game 7. The findings are interpreted in light of recent research on self-attention and self-presentation. 相似文献
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John Heaton 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2013,15(1):47-55
This paper discusses Peter Lomas's work in the context of the concepts of ‘ordinary people’ and ‘ordinary language’. Obsessions about whether a person is ordinary or not tend to occur in people who are disturbed. Psychoanalysts use the special language of mechanics to explain the phenomena they observe in the consulting room. In this paper it is argued that ordinary language, our mother tongue, is a better way of understanding people. In his work as a psychotherapist and writer, Peter Lomas found more insight in the ordinary language of literature than he did in theory. 相似文献
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John M. Heaton 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2013,15(2):237-248
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) and its relevance to psychotherapy and counselling are discussed. It is argued that much that is important to psychotherapy is ignored in EBM. Thus, tradition, custom, intuition and love are all important in psychotherapy. Also there are many sources of evidence that go beyond the positivistic notion of evidence in EBM. It is concluded that EBM has little relevance to psychotherapy and counselling. 相似文献
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William S. Bradshaw Tim B. Heaton Ellen Decoo John P. Dehlin Renee V. Galliher Katherine A. Crowell 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2015,54(2):311-329
This article examines the relationship between sexual orientation and religious experience of men from early adolescence to adulthood. Data have been obtained from an online survey of 1,042 males who were part of a larger sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) persons who are current or former members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints (LDS, Mormon). While early religious experience was essentially identical to that of heterosexuals, the gap between religious norms and experience widened as these men moved through early and mid‐adulthood. Those who married did so at a later age, and experienced a high rate of divorce. Continued participation, integration, and conformity to LDS ideals was not attributable to faith in, or a departure from, fundamental doctrinal belief. Instead, the responsible variable was sexual orientation, measured by the Kinsey Scale scores across behavior, attraction, and identity. For those near the exclusively homosexual end of the spectrum, the failure to change sexual orientation after intense effort over many years resulted in loss of belonging, belief, and participation, along with increased negative emotions and a sense of mistreatment. 相似文献
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Miller and Rohling (2001) proposed a 24-step algorithm, the Rohling Interpretive Method (RIM), for quantitative interpretation of results from flexible neuropsychological test batteries. We believe that the RIM as presented in that paper has several conceptual problems, including (a) a failure to distinguish "statistically significant" from pathological differences, (b) an assumption that declines in specific abilities can be inferred when a particular test score deviates from an estimate of general premorbid ability, and (c) confusion between the standard deviation associated with individual test scores versus that of a composite of those scores. As an alternative, we suggest the value of developing and using co-normed comprehensive neuropsychological test batteries from which test users might select subsets of tests. 相似文献
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Charles?E.?GalyonEmail author Eleanore?C.?T.?Heaton Tiffany?L.?Best Robert?L.?Williams 《Social Psychology of Education》2016,19(1):61-76
Though class participation and group cohesion have shown some potential to promote student performance in conventional classrooms, their efficacy has not yet been demonstrated in an online-class setting. Group cohesion, defined as member attraction to and self-identification with a group, is thought to promote positive interdependence and the success of the group’s members. The current study sought to determine if group cohesion is significantly affected by the change of course setting from a live classroom to an asynchronous online-hybrid class in which students met in person only for course exams and otherwise interacted with each other through an online discussion board. Because peer interaction appears vital for the development of cohesion, we examined the relationship between participation in class discussion and students’ self-reported group cohesion and exam performance. With one exception, course requirements and materials were identical between the two class sections: students in the online-hybrid course completed homework assignments, whereas students in the live section were simply encouraged to do the same. Despite the advantage conferred by mandatory homework assignments, the findings heavily favored the conventional live classroom with respect to exam performance and self-reported group cohesion. Participation in class discussion was high in both class sections. The results indicated that both student performance and group cohesion were significantly lower in the hybrid classes. 相似文献