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951.
Laura L. Ten Eyck Heather A. Labansat Dana M. Gresky Donald F. Dansereau Charles G. Lord 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(5):1234-1262
How might people best persuade themselves to engage in beneficial activities, such as dieting, exercise, and studying? One strategy is to think about actions. Another strategy is to think about reasons. In previous research, students who were directed to think about actions increased their study intentions more than did students who were directed to think about reasons. The present experiment tested whether thinking about actions was effective because of idea generation (coming up with the thoughts) or because of mental simulation (imagining the scenarios). In immediate and delayed measures, directed thinking about actions (but not reasons) proved generally more effective when students focused on mental simulation than when they focused on idea generation. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed. 相似文献
952.
Heather C. Lench Jodi A. Quas Robin S. Edelstein 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(12):2963-2979
The purpose of the current study was to determine whether parents make unrealistic evaluations of children and what factors predict these evaluations. Parents of 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds rated their child's risk for various positive and negative outcomes, temperament, and health and behavior problems. Parents also completed an adult attachment measure. Parents appeared to give relatively little consideration to realistic constraints when predicting their child's future. Parents scoring higher on attachment avoidance were less optimistic that their child would attain positive outcomes and avoid negative outcomes, consistent with the view that optimism is a motivated phenomenon. Greater child internalizing behaviors also were associated with less parental optimism for positive outcomes. Findings have implications for the delivery of health messages to parents. 相似文献
953.
In a 'diary' study, we examined the frequency and affective implications of 34 ethnic minority students' comparisons to other ethnic minorities or to members of a high-status ethnic majority (i.e., European-Americans). Participants made more frequent comparisons to ethnic majority than ethnic minority referents, although neither type of comparison tended to be perceived in terms of group membership (see also Smith & Leach, 2004). Comparisons to ethnic majority referents did not alter participants' positive affect even where they suggested poor future prospects in status-relevant domains. In contrast, comparisons to fellow ethnic minorities led to increased positive affect when they suggested a future prospect of improvement. We discuss the conceptual and practical implications of social comparison in the context of group status. 相似文献
954.
955.
Reduction in physical activity is considered a major contributor to weight problems. Increasingly, people are expending less
energy in household chores but joining fitness clubs. Do people perceive ordinary daily activities to expend less energy than
exercise activities using similar amounts of calories? In the present study college students were asked to evaluate the calorie
expenditure of 30 physical activities (i.e., exercises and household tasks). The household tasks were matched (in terms of
caloric expenditure) to at least one exercise activity. When participants rated both exercise and daily activities, it appears
that they focused on rate of caloric expenditure rather than type of activity (i.e., household task or exercise). In Study
2, college students evaluated the energy expenditure of light/leisure, moderate, and intense exercise. This emphasis concerning
the benefit of intense physical activity was observed once again. College students appear to have assimilated the belief that
intense physical activity expends more energy than longer sessions of lower intensity physical activity using similar amounts
of calories. Perhaps one reason why people are not physically active is that they believe physical activities must be intense
to be of benefit. At the same time they are automatizing household chores and, thus, become less active overall. 相似文献
956.
Heather Honea Andrea C. Morales Gavan J. Fitzsimons 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2006,16(2):124-134
This research examines how a single experience with a salesperson can lead to the formation of dual representations of the salesperson resulting in opposing spontaneous and deliberative affective responses and dissociated evaluations. Consumers may either use their spontaneous affective reactions to form an evaluation or may respond more deliberately using information that contradicts this initial affect. As a result, they can hold 2 evaluations of the same salesperson—one that is more spontaneously generated and one that is more deliberate. The 2 cognitive bases for these evaluations can coexist in memory even when they are opposite in valence, and consumers switch back and forth between the 2 evaluations, depending on the level of cognitive activity in which they engage. 相似文献
957.
Gordon J.G. Asmundson Heather D. Hadjistavropolous 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2006,13(1):8-16
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occurs with other conditions and symptoms that can complicate assessment and treatment. Of these, chronic musculoskeletal pain and related avoidance behaviors are amongst the most common and, unfortunately, the most often overlooked. In this paper we discuss issues that warrant consideration in developing and implementing a treatment plan that may maximize chances of successful outcome for GH, a patient with PTSD and chronic pain. Assessment strategies used in arriving at a case formulation are presented and, based on the emerging state-of-the-art, a tentative cognitive-behavioral treatment program targeting shared vulnerability for PTSD and chronic musculoskeletal pain is presented. Issues pertinent to anticipated treatment outcome are also discussed. 相似文献
958.
Treatment of co-occurring child maltreatment and substance abuse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Despite high prevalence and severe negative consequences of child maltreatment (e.g., Brown, G. R., & Anderson, B., (1991). Psychiatric morbidity in adult inpatients with childhood histories of sexual and physical abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 55–61; Jaudes, P. K., Ekwo, E., & Van Voorhis, J.V., (1995). Association of drug abuse and child abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, 1065–1075; Murphy, J. M., Jellinek, M., Quinn, D., Smith, G., & Goshkom, M., (1991). Substance abuse and serious child mistreatment: Prevalence, risk, and outcome in a court sample. Child Abuse and Neglect, 15, 197—211), the treatment of perpetrators and victims of child abuse and neglect remains grossly understudied (Behl, L. E., Conyngham, H. A., & May, P. F., (2003). Trends in child maltreatment literature. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27, 215–229). More than half of parentes founded for the abuse and neglect of their children have evidenced drug abuse, yet no treatments have been validated that concurrently address these problems. The reciprocal interaction between substance abuse and child maltreatment supports the need to concurrently treat these problems. This article illustrates the relationship between child maltreatment and parental substance abuse and proposes a behavioral model to explain the reciprocal influence of drug abuse and child maltreatment. A behavioral treatment plan that is designed to concurrently address drug abuse and child abuse is proposed and suggestions are made for future directions in this area. 相似文献
959.
Fathers typically adopt a more physically active style of play with their young sons than mothers, and boys often react more positively to play with fathers than with mothers. The current study examined whether differences in children's reactions were related to differences in parental play style or to parent per se. Eighteen 3-year-old boys were observed as they played with each parent in each of two playrooms — one conducive to the maternal style of play and one to the paternal play style. Both parents were highly flexible in adopting the play style typical of the other parent in the appropriate playroom. The boys reacted more positively to both parents when their play style was more physical and active, resembling the typical paternal style. Differences between parents were smaller than differences related to play environment, but were consistent with existing literature: fathers were more actively involved, took more initiative, and played more physically with their sons than did mothers.This research was supported by a research grant and leave fellowship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. We thank Kathleen Bloom, Anat Ninio and Michael Ross for their comments on earlier drafts of this paper. 相似文献
960.
Richard Popper Heather Dragsbaek Stephen F. Siegel Edward Hirsch 《Behavior research methods》1988,20(5):481-484
A pocket computer is described that can be used by subjects to self-administer cognitive tests in field situations. Two cognitive tests, a vigilance and an encoding task, were developed for this computer and used to test cognitive performance during a 30-day military field exercise. 相似文献