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881.
The mere-exposure literature has shown that familiar objects are preferred to novel objects. However, no work has definitively
shown that mere exposure can direct and facilitate approach movements. In Experiment 1, participants were shown stimuli and
were later re-exposed to them along with novel stimuli. Participants were directed to make an approach or avoidant motion
to each and response times were recorded. As predicted, participants were quicker to approach and slower to avoid familiar
relative to novel stimuli. In Experiment 2, participants were shown mere-exposed and novel symbols and were asked to “push”
or “pull” a joystick in response to each, based on their intuition. Extending Experiment 1’s findings, participants freely
selected an approach response more frequently for familiar compared to novel stimuli. Moreover, in this same experiment, familiar
stimuli were judged as more likeable than were novel stimuli, and participants’ liking for familiar stimuli correlated with
the frequency with which they were approached. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
882.
Four studies used experimental and correlational methods to investigate the effect of a "partner-achievement goal," or a personal goal for a relationship partner's successful achievement. This goal led support providers to offer unhelpful support about how to play a computer game (Study 1). It also predicted poor achievement for dieting support recipients (Study 2). The effects of partner-achievement goals were moderated by recipient expectations of success and mediated by recipient effort. Recipients with low expectations of their own success requested that their provider partners with partner-achievement goals refrain from offering them support (Study 3); they also invested less time studying Latin grammar and learned fewer Latin words over one week (Study 4). Together, these findings highlight the unique behavioral consequences of partner-achievement goals for both members of a relationship. 相似文献
883.
The striatum is associated with the learning and retention of motor skills. Several studies have shown that motor learning induces neuronal changes in the striatum. We investigated whether macroscopic change in striatum volume occurs in a segment of the human population who learned basketball-related motor skills and practiced them throughout their entire athletic life. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging volumetry was performed in basketball players and healthy controls, and striatum volumes were compared based on basketball proficiency, region and side. We identified morphological enlargement in the striatum of basketball players in comparison with controls. Our results suggest that continued practice and repetitive performance of basketball-related motor skills may induce plastic structural changes in the human striatum. 相似文献
884.
Nicole E. Pugh Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos 《Personality and individual differences》2011,51(8):1059-1062
There are significant gaps in the literature regarding the behavioural consequences of health anxiety. Although past research indicates that health anxiety is associated with distinctive maladaptive behaviours, such as reassurance seeking, the relationship between health anxiety and wellness-related behaviours, such as physical activity, has not been adequately examined. Given that health anxiety is associated with excessive attempts to ensure health and avoid illness, health anxiety could be potentially related to extreme physical activity, known as exercise dependence. Using the cognitive behavioural model of health anxiety as a framework, this exploratory study investigated the relationships between health anxiety, exercise desire, physical activity, and exercise dependence.Undergraduate university students (n = 144) completed a battery of online measures. Results indicated that only the perceptual component of health anxiety, namely hypervigilance to somatic symptoms, was related to exercise desire and components of exercise dependence. Implications of the findings are discussed and future research avenues are explored. 相似文献
885.
The purpose of this study was to explore physique attitudes and self-presentational concerns among women who regularly participate
in or instruct group aerobic classes. We were interested in conceptualizations of the ideal body, self-presentational concerns,
and the influence of instructors in the group aerobics context. Five instructors and 6 exercisers participated in semi-structured
interviews. Two higher order themes were identified from the interview data: (a) perceived body ideals and (b) body image
experiences in the group aerobics context. Participants described the ideal body as lean and toned and attainable, but cautioned
that being too muscular was unattractive and should be avoided. Exercisers experienced heightened self-presentation during
aerobics more than the instructors did. Both exercisers and instructors thought that instructors should serve as body role
models. 相似文献
886.
887.
Positive mood broadens visual attention to positive stimuli 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In an attempt to investigate the impact of positive emotions on visual attention within the context of Fredrickson’s (1998) broaden-and-build model, eye tracking was used in two studies to measure visual attentional preferences of college students
(n=58, n=26) to emotional pictures. Half of each sample experienced induced positive mood immediately before viewing slides of three
similarly-valenced images, in varying central-peripheral arrays. Attentional breadth was determined by measuring the percentage
viewing time to peripheral images as well as by the number of visual saccades participants made per slide. Consistent with
Fredrickson’s theory, the first study showed that individuals induced into positive mood fixated more on peripheral stimuli
than did control participants; however, this only held true for highly-valenced positive stimuli. Participants under induced
positive mood also made more frequent saccades for slides of neutral and positive valence. A second study showed that these
effects were not simply due to differences in emotional arousal between stimuli. Selective attentional broadening to positive
stimuli may act both to facilitate later building of resources as well as to maintain current positive affective states. 相似文献
888.
中国佛教运用判教的方式圆融了佛教经典的各种教理,形成了天台、华严两大教理思想体系。中国佛教认为各种修行方法都不过是安心、明心、开悟的方便,从而实现了修行方法上的圆融。中国佛教用“格义”、“比附”、“会通”的办法,与儒道两家相互圆融,在中华文化结构中获得了一席之地。从“不敬王者”到“礼拜君亲”,从“乞食分卫”到“农禅并重”,佛教终于融入了中土世俗社会生活之中,取得了僧俗之间的圆融和谐。当代人间佛教发展的一个基本思想就是,要以圆融的智慧引导佛教与社会主义相适应,与其他宗教和平相处,积极契合当代众生的根性。 相似文献
889.
890.
Heather L. Hunter Danielle L. Rosnov Dawn Koontz Michael C. Roberts 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(1):64-77
Summer camps have been recognized as a valuable means of delivering services to children with chronic illnesses. Although these camps exist in abundance across the United States, they have been largely underrepresented in the clinical psychology literature. Particularly, there is a staggering discrepancy between the number of camps in existence and the number of published articles pertaining to the systematic evaluation of these camps. We outline the potential benefits of camping programs for children who are chronically ill, describe the importance of systematically evaluating them, and provide a model for this evaluative process. We describe an evaluation of a diabetes summer camp and present implications of this study for camp decision makers and clinical psychologists working in pediatric medical settings. 相似文献