中国医学史研究热点及发展态势——近五年中国医学史论文的可视化分析

为了解近五年中国医学史研究热点和发展态势,利用可视化软件对近五年中国医学史文献进行可视化分析。医学史学科为医学与史学跨学科专业,医学界与史学界间虽有融通交流,但研究界限仍较为分明。研究者应打破人为划分的学科分界线,将其他学科的理论融入医学史研究。高校应鼓励不同学科交互深造,创建研究集群以及培养体系,进行多学科交叉研究。在研究方向中,传统医学史与医疗社会文化史的碰撞和融合在未来将会是十分重要的发展趋势,借鉴瘟疫史研究的思路,从医疗社会史的角度探究其他疾病和现今尖锐的医疗问题或可成为未来的研究热点之一。

     

Performance of typical and superior face recognizers on a novel interactive face matching procedure

Unfamiliar simultaneous face matching is error prone. Reducing incorrect identification decisions will positively benefit forensic and security contexts. The absence of view-independent information in static images likely contributes to the difficulty of unfamiliar face matching. We tested whether a novel interactive viewing procedure that provides the user with 3D structural information as they rotate a facial image to different orientations would improve face matching accuracy. We tested the performance of ‘typical’ (Experiment 1) and ‘superior’ (Experiment 2) face recognizers, comparing their performance using high-quality (Experiment 3) and pixelated (Experiment 4) Facebook profile images. In each trial, participants responded whether two images featured the same person with one of these images being either a static face, a video providing orientation information, or an interactive image. Taken together, the results show that fluid orientation information and interactivity prompt shifts in criterion and support matching performance. Because typical and superior face recognizers both benefited from the structural information provided by the novel viewing procedures, our results point to qualitatively similar reliance on pictorial encoding in these groups. This also suggests that interactive viewing tools can be valuable in assisting face matching in high-performing practitioner groups.     

Exploring Our “Deltas”: A Training Tool for Conceptualizing Systemic Theory of Change

Systematically utilizing theory to guide clinical practice is integral to developing and maintaining therapist competency. However, helping Marriage and Family therapist trainees develop their own theory of change can be a challenging training component and more educational guides are needed to help facilitate the learning process. This paper introduces the Delta Model for conceptualizing systemic change as such a tool. The proposed Delta Model is introduced and guidelines for specifically teaching trainees at each level of the Delta are provided. The proposed model will be applied to a case vignette and discussion of additional considerations for applying the Delta Model beyond clinical practice will be reviewed.

     

欧阳无畏继承法尊法师文本的考察

1934年底,冯庸大学毕业生欧阳无畏正式前往西藏拉萨哲蚌寺果茫札仓(笔者注:有译为果莽札仓、郭莽札仓、郭莽学院)出家为僧,前后在藏历经十个寒暑,最终获格西拉让巴最高学位候选资格,以致造就欧阳无畏“慧焰耀天,精义摄人”[1]的学识,这着实令众多藏传佛教格鲁派僧侣敬佩有加,“深获喇嘛群英之叹服”[2]。1952年到达台湾之后,继续耕耘在西藏佛学研究和讲授领域,直到1991年圆寂。     

Inhibitory control and set shifting describe different pathways from behavioral inhibition to socially anxious behavior

Individuals with a behaviorally inhibited (BI) temperament are more likely to develop social anxiety. However, the mechanisms by which socially anxious behavior emerges from BI are unclear. Variation in different forms of top‐down control, specifically executive functions (EF), may play distinct roles and characterize differential pathways to social anxiety. Here 291 children were assessed for BI in toddlerhood (ages 2 and 3), parent‐reported inhibitory control and set shifting during middle childhood (age 7), and multidimensional assessment of socially anxious behavior completed during late childhood and early adolescence (ages 9 and 12). Structural equation modeling revealed that early variation in BI predicted the development of socially anxious behavior through either higher levels of parent‐reported inhibitory control or lower levels of parent‐reported set shifting. These data reinforce the notion that top‐down control does not uniformly influence relations between temperament and socially anxious behavior. These data suggest novel approaches to thinking about the role of EFs and social anxiety outcomes as children approach adolescence.