Voluntary attention modulates processing of eye-specific visual information

Visual attention functions to select relevant information from a vast amount of visual input that is available for further processing. Information from the two eyes is processed separately in early stages before converging and giving rise to a coherent percept. Observers normally cannot access eye-of-origin information. In the research reported here, we demonstrated that voluntary attention can be eye-specific, modulating visual processing within a specific monocular channel. Using a modified binocular-rivalry paradigm, we found that attending to a monocular cue while remaining oblivious to its eye of origin significantly enhanced the competition strength of a stimulus presented to the cued eye, even when the stimulus was suppressed from consciousness. Furthermore, this eye-specific attentional effect was insensitive to low-level properties of the cue (e.g., size and contrast) but sensitive to the attentional load. Together, these findings suggest that top-down attention can have a significant modulation effect at the eye-specific stage of visual information processing.     

A Gene-Environment Interaction Study of Polygenic Scores and Maltreatment on Childhood ADHD

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - This study explored whether maltreatment moderates the association of polygenic risk for ADHD. Because individuals with low polygenic scores (PGS)...     

Executive working memory load does not compromise perceptual processing during visual search: Evidence from additive factors analysis

Executive working memory (WM) load reduces the efficiency of visual search, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully known. In the present study, we assessed the effect of executive load on perceptual processing during search. Participants performed a serial oculomotor search task, looking for a circle target among gapped-circle distractors. The participants performed the task under high and low executive WM load, and the visual quality (Experiment 1) or discriminability of targets and distractors (Experiment 2) was manipulated across trials. By the logic of the additive factors method (Sternberg, 1969, 1998), if WM load compromises the quality of perceptual processing during visual search, manipulations of WM load and perceptual processing difficulty should produce nonadditive effects. Contrary to this prediction, the effects of WM load and perceptual difficulty were additive. The results imply that executive WM load does not degrade perceptual analysis during visual search.     

海德格尔1923年夏季学期讲座的要义及其他

海德格尔1923年夏季学期的讲座是其弗莱堡早期思想的总结性文献,它最终确立了以"实际性的解释学"为核心的海德格尔思想的开端。本文着重分析了这个讲座的基本概念、观点的内涵和联系,揭示了它们深刻的理论价值以及对后来伽达默尔哲学解释学的影响,着重突出了这个讲座的两个方面的意义:对海德格尔自己思想起点的意义以及在现代解释学转向上的意义。     

弱连通传递框架类的命题逻辑

在维瑟（Albert Visser）的基本命题逻辑（BPL）基础上增加公理（p→q）∨（（p→q）→p）得到的逻辑LB相对于弱连通传递框架类是完全的。增加达米特（M.Dummett）公理（p→q）∨（q→p）得到的逻辑LD是不完全的。本文还证明LB具有有穷模型性质,但是不具有两常元性质和析取性质。     

文化和情境影响亲属词的概念结构

以摩梭人和汉族的高中生为对象,采用自由分类法,考察在满月酒、结婚和吊唁情境的亲属词概念结构,揭示微观文化情境对亲属关系认知的影响以及与宏观文化情境的交互作用。结果发现:(1)在不同情境下,摩梭人和汉族人对亲属词的分类既有相同之处,又存在差异。两个民族都看重"亲属的亲密程度"和"辈分",但摩梭人还区分"照顾者/被照顾者",汉族人还考虑"性别"和"亲属关系的性质";(2)摩梭人对亲属词的分类体现了母系文化的特征,重视舅舅和外甥在亲属关系中的地位和作用;汉族人对亲属词的分类体现了汉文化的特征,重视媳妇和孙辈在亲属关系中的地位和作用。(3)亲属概念具有核心特征与情境依赖特征。文化和情境通过概念特征的激活和分类标准的采择影响对亲属词的分类。     

文化和情境影响亲属词的概念结构

以摩梭人和汉族的高中生为对象,采用自由分类法,考察在满月酒、结婚和吊唁情境的亲属词概念结构,揭示微观文化情境对亲属关系认知的影响以及与宏观文化情境的交互作用。结果发现:(1)在不同情境下,摩梭人和汉族人对亲属词的分类既有相同之处,又存在差异。两个民族都看重"亲属的亲密程度"和"辈分",但摩梭人还区分"照顾者/被照顾者",汉族人还考虑"性别"和"亲属关系的性质";(2)摩梭人对亲属词的分类体现了母系文化的特征,重视舅舅和外甥在亲属关系中的地位和作用;汉族人对亲属词的分类体现了汉文化的特征,重视媳妇和孙辈在亲属关系中的地位和作用。(3)亲属概念具有核心特征与情境依赖特征。文化和情境通过概念特征的激活和分类标准的采择影响对亲属词的分类。     

Experimental investigations of TB2 alloy by pack boriding with rare-earth oxides

ABSTRACT

An orthogonal test with four factors, namely temperature, time, type of rare-earth oxides (REOs) and REO content, was performed to obtain the optimised boriding parameters of TB2 alloy by pack boriding with REOs. It is found that temperature has the strongest effect on the boride layer thickness, while time has the strongest effect on the surface hardness and coefficient of friction. The optimum parameters for pack boriding of TB2 alloy with REO are a temperature of 1373?K, a time of 20?h, La₂O₃ as the REO with a content of 4?wt.%.