Spatial Updating Strategy Affects the Reference Frame in Path Integration

This study investigated how spatial updating strategies affected the selection of reference frames in path integration. Participants walked an outbound path consisting of three successive waypoints in a featureless environment and then pointed to the first waypoint. We manipulated the alignment of participants’ final heading at the end of the outbound path with their initial heading to examine the adopted reference frame. We assumed that the initial heading defined the principal reference direction in an allocentric reference frame. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to use a configural updating strategy and to monitor the shape of the outbound path while they walked it. Pointing performance was best when the final heading was aligned with the initial heading, indicating the use of an allocentric reference frame. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to use a continuous updating strategy and to keep track of the location of the first waypoint while walking the outbound path. Pointing performance was equivalent regardless of the alignment between the final and the initial headings, indicating the use of an egocentric reference frame. These results confirmed that people could employ different spatial updating strategies in path integration (Wiener, Berthoz, & Wolbers Experimental Brain Research 208(1) 61–71, 2011), and suggested that these strategies could affect the selection of the reference frame for path integration.     

状态性平和亦或是倾向性平和?平和的概念、测量与文化差异

加强社会心理服务体系建设,培育平和与理性等积极的社会心态,需要深入研究心理学视角下的平和。对状态性平和与倾向性平和进行区分,可以更好地理解平和。状态性平和研究与平和直接相关的情绪和心境范畴,即东方文化强调的安适恬淡和平静心境。西方文化语境下,平和主要涉及的是倾向性平和,描述其跨时空稳定的倾向,强调平和的超越性、不被偏差影响的内在中立性以及非暴力性的人格。西方平和仅仅强调平静,东方平和还强调和谐。目前,倾向性平和尚未作为独立概念进入心理学研究领域,这正是中国特色心理学的研究方向。未来,应确定倾向性平和的概念和结构、开发倾向性平和的测量工具并且开展倾向性平和的本土化和跨文化研究。     

Linking Failure Feedback to Individual Creativity: The Moderation Role of Goal Orientation

The sense-making theory of creativity is extended by identifying failure feedback as a process that shapes creative interpretations and actions. We also consider the moderating effect of goal orientation on the relationship between failure feedback and individual creativity, according to the sense-making theory. A 2-waves survey data from 345 R&D employees and their supervisors in five Chinese high-tech companies indicated: (a) supervisors’ failure feedback positively correlates with incremental and radical creative performance, (b) learning goal orientation strengthens the relationship between failure feedback and creativity, and (c) avoidance goal orientation attenuates the relationship between failure feedback and creativity. The findings suggest that goal orientations play roles in optimizing failure feedback effects on creativity outcomes.     

关于如何建设和谐香港的几点思考(一)

一、如何“建设和谐香港”很高兴能有机会参加香港各界文化促进会所主办的“弘扬精神文明,建设和谐香港”论坛;感谢香港各界文化促进会长庄世平先生和理事长李国强先生的盛情邀请。当前,祖国内地正在热烈研讨如何建设一个和谐美好的社会,现在看到香港各界文化人士也在热烈研讨如何“弘扬精神文明,建设和谐香港”,说明香港和内地的人心是相通的。但我个人长期在内地生活,不一定能对香港如何建设和谐社会提出切实中肯的意见,我只想借这一论坛,介绍一下我对内地如何建设和谐社会的一些思考,也许可供香港朋友们的研讨参考。二、内地将如何建设和…     

3~5岁幼儿权力概念多重隐喻的认知发展

为考察3~5岁幼儿“权力”概念的大小、垂直空间和重量多重隐喻的认知发展进程, 研究采用了将权力人物和无权力人物图片放置大圆形或小圆形、垂直空间的上方框或下方框和不平衡跷跷板重端或轻端的图片迫选任务。通过3个实验及综合分析发现：3岁幼儿尚不具备权力隐喻理解能力; 4岁是幼儿权力隐喻理解能力的重要发展时期, 具备正极权力概念的隐喻理解能力, 建立起有权力为“大、高、重”的多重隐喻联结; 5岁幼儿的权力隐喻理解能力进一步增强, 已具备较完整的多重隐喻理解能力, 建立起有权力为“大、高、重”、无权力为“小、下、轻”的多重隐喻联结。3~5岁幼儿“权力”概念的大小、垂直空间和重量多重隐喻理解能力同步发展, 不受隐喻靶域习得时间早晚的影响。系列研究表明, 学龄前幼儿的权力隐喻理解能力发展趋势符合隐喻一致性理论, 隐喻表征的产生并非“有或无”的模式, 而是“渐进”呈现发展。     

探寻能给人类带来真正福祉的道德理念和实践--对有神论和无神论在道德问题上的一些比较分析

在无神论与道德建设的问题上,有一些较为常 见的看法,也是在一定范围内流行的看法:认为无 神论教育是社会信仰危机的根源,也是社会道德危 机的根本原因。由这个看法延伸出来的结论是,有 神论信仰可以使人有内在的道德约束和行为约束, 社会风气、社会道德就会相应的好。继续延伸的极 端结论是,有了有神论信仰的内在约束,也就不再 需要法律等外部力量了。持这种观点的人也常常会 举一些实例来证明。     

视觉监控作业中信号间隔时间和双任务对信号觉察的影响

本研究运用模拟实验,考察了以仪表显示为主的监控系统中信号间隔时间和双作业任务对人觉察信号的反应时间的影响.双作业中的主任务是要求被试同时监视4个仪表,次任务为对显示屏上一个红色亮点是否出现闪烁作简单的辨别反应.实验结果表明信号间隔时间是影响信号觉察反应时的一个重要因素.随着信号间隔时间由30-50秒延长到8-10分钟,信号觉察反应时随之先快后慢地增加.在低负荷的仪表监视作业中,通过增加一个刺激率较高而又比较简单的次任务,可使被试保持较高的唤醒水平和更好地集中注意,从而有利于提高信号觉察效率.