探究群体中的个体心灵--群体心理学与极端信仰

网上检索中无意间看到一段话,“不借助于个体心理学,也许不能彻底明白有人为何要杀人如麻;没有群体心理学,则人们永远无法理解,为何仍会有那么多人认为他不但做得正确,并且伟大无比。”这段话一下子把我打动留住了。因为我曾有过一段“认为自己不但做得正确,并且伟大无比”的经历。打开一看,原来是一篇书评,评法国心理学家塞奇·莫斯科维奇的群体心理学著作《群氓的时代》(江苏人民出版社2003年汉译精品新世纪版),于是找到了书并阅读。我曾是一名“法轮功”团体的成员,如果用褒意倾向的语言说,是信念极为坚定的一员,用贬意倾向的语言说,是痴…     

浅论《管子》中的宏观调控理论体系

《管子》中关于经济思想方面的内容较多,其从各个方面阐述了国家对经济进行宏观调控的必要性以及采取的各项政策和手段等,基本上形成了相对比较完整的宏观调控理论体系。其宏观调控理论对于中国古代社会的经济改革和管理都产生了很大的影响,在今天也具有积极的借鉴意义。     

卢梭论文明与道德——重温《论科学与艺术》

《论科学与艺术》包含了卢梭许多后来思想著述的萌芽,它讨论的是科学艺术的"近代复兴"与道德的"社会风俗"的关系。卢梭仅将科学艺术视作文明,并把它们与道德对立起来,认为近代文明失去了本原的道德精神实质。但所有的成熟文明都包含有物质文明、政治文明和精神文明三个方面,道德也是文明的产物,同时也是文明的价值和规范的基础。卢梭没有意识到,否定文明也就等于否定了道德。但卢梭文中对科学艺术的批判反思,对道德乃至宗教救赎精神的推崇,赋予其思想一种特殊的吸引力与启示意义。时代发展到今天,科学的进展和艺术的普及已经发展到了卢梭难以想象的程度,科技的兴盛固然带来了普遍的福利,却也走近了这样一个门槛:高新技术给人类带来无数方便与好处,人类的控物能力不断大幅提高;与此相比较,人类的道德自控能力若没有相应的提高,科技的发展可能带来难以预测但却可能改变人类文明命运的后果。这种不平衡无疑会是人类文明一个持久的基本矛盾。     

心理健康服务的文化胜任力：理论取向与实践策略

心理健康服务的文化胜任力随着欧美对多元文化群体的重视而逐渐发展起来。该领域存在两种不同的理论取向及相应的实践策略。内容取向关注静态的、结构化的文化胜任力; 过程取向则关注动态的、非结构化的文化胜任力。两种取向的异同体现了文化胜任力的研究和实践中对文化特异性和普遍性因素的平衡。在此基础上, 本文最后讨论了如何参考国外经验, 立足中国现实问题和加强社会心理服务体系建设的大背景, 来发展中国的文化胜任力。     

Effect of Acute Psychological Stress on Motion-in-Depth Perception: An Event-Related Potential Study

The present study explored the intrinsic event-related potential (ERP) features of the effects of acute psychological stress on the processing of motion-in-depth perception using a dual-task paradigm. After a mental arithmetic task was used to induce acute psychological stress, a collision task was used to evaluate motion-in-depth perception. The error value and average amplitude of late slow waves (SW) were significantly larger for the earlier colliding spheres’ than for the later colliding spheres. The P1 peak latency in the left occipital region was significantly shorter than that of the right occipital region in the motion-in-depth perception task. Compared to the control condition, the estimated value of residual time-to-collision and error value were significantly reduced, and the N1 peak amplitude and the SW averaged amplitude were significantly increased in the stress condition. Longer motion-in-depth time improved discrimination accuracy and decreased the investment of cognitive resources. Acute psychological stress increased behavioral performance and enhanced attention resources on the motion-in-depth perception task together with greater investment of cognitive resources.     

Involvement of BDNF receptor TrkB in spatial memory formation

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in long-term potentiation (LTP), and are phosphorylated by several tyrosine kinases including a Src-family tyrosine kinase Fyn. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin, which also enhances hippocampal synaptic transmission and efficacy by increasing NMDA receptor activity. Here, we show that Fyn is a key molecule linking the BDNF receptor TrkB with NMDA receptors, which play an important role in spatial memory formation in a radial arm maze. Spatial learning induced phosphorylation of TrkB, Fyn, and NR2B, but not NR2A, in the hippocampus. Fyn was coimmunoprecipitated with TrkB and NR2B, and this association was increased in well-trained rats compared with control animals. Continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of PP2, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in rats delayed memory acquisition in the radial arm maze, but PP2-treated animals reached the same level of learning as the controls. The phosphorylation of Fyn and NR2B, but not TrkB, was diminished by PP2 treatment. Our findings suggest the importance of interaction between BDNF/TrkB signaling and NMDA receptors for spatial memory in the hippocampus.     

“神医”现象的剖析

当前“神医”并非罕见,他们常施展浑身解数,或给自己戴上自制的各种“高帽”、“大帽”、什么“国标抗癌协会主席;或假借名人、甚或政界要人的提携,多少沾点余光;或让身世充满着曲折离奇的迷露,对于“神医”的泛滥,当务 急是对全民进行破除迷信、崇尚宾教育,提高全慢旗的心理素质。     

Bidirectional semantic associations between social power and weight

Two experiments were conducted to examine bidirectional semantic associations between power and weight using a priming paradigm. Bidirectionality in the relationship between power and weight was demonstrated, utilising tasks that were identical except that the orders in which the stimuli were presented were reversed. In Experiment 1, an empty scale leaning either leftward or rightward was used as a priming stimulus, and a scale that appeared in equilibrium with a pair of power words was used as a target stimulus. In Experiment 2, a scale with a pair of words that appeared in equilibrium was used as a priming stimulus, and an empty scale leaning either leftward or rightward was used as a target stimulus. We identified interaction effects between power and weight in both experiments. Associations between power and weight provide evidence for both conceptual metaphor views and evolutionary theory. The bidirectionality of metaphorical effects is in line with the strong version of metaphoric structuring. Both language and experiential correlations play important roles in the development of the mapping between power and weight.