Barriers Impacting the Utilization of Supervision Techniques in Genetic Counseling

Clinical supervision is an essential element in training genetic counselors. Although live supervision has been identified as the most common supervision technique utilized in genetic counseling, there is limited information on factors influencing its use as well as the use of other techniques. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers supervisors face when implementing supervision techniques. All participants (N?=?141) reported utilizing co-counseling. This was most used with novice students (96.1 %) and intermediate students (93.7 %). Other commonly used techniques included live supervision where the supervisor is silent during session (98.6 %) which was used most frequently with advanced students (94.0 %), and student self-report (64.7 %) used most often with advanced students (61.2 %). Though no barrier to these commonly used techniques was identified by a majority of participants, the most frequently reported barriers included time and concern about patient’s welfare. The remaining supervision techniques (live remote observation, video, and audio recording) were each used by less than 10 % of participants. Barriers that significantly influenced use of these techniques included lack of facilities/equipment and concern about patient reactions to technique. Understanding barriers to implementation of supervisory techniques may allow students to be efficiently trained in the future by reducing supervisor burnout and increasing the diversity of techniques used.     

出版视阈中的民国时期中国心理学发展史考察——基于民国时期心理学图书的计量分析

中国科学心理学是在20世纪初复杂的社会背景下通过传入西方心理学而建立和发展起来的.在这一过程中,心理学图书的出版和传播起到了重要作用.文章以《民国时期总书目》中收录的心理学图书为研究对象,通过对心理学图书的年出版量、编著与译著的比较、出版数量的地域差异、分支学科的出版特征等四个方面的出版状况进行计量分析,探讨其形成原因和历史背景,试图从出版视角对民国时期科学心理学在中国的发展做微观的历史考察.     

新疆地区穆斯林社会心理的实证分析报告

新疆是穆斯林人口较多的边疆地区,研究和分析这个区域穆斯林的社会心理问题,对包括新疆在内的穆斯林居住区的宗教工作有着重要的理论和现实意义。问卷调查结果显示,目前,新疆地区穆斯林的宗教心理具有明显的索求性特征,宗教行为动机在向世俗化、非宗教方面变化。信奉伊斯兰教,既是他们宗教归属的需要,也是他们民族归属的需要。在伊斯兰教和现实问题之间,他们更关注和重视现实问题。怎样在非宗教的基础上满足公民全面发展的需求,使他们不必为了寻求安慰而去求助于宗教的方法和手段,应该成为当前新疆宗教工作认真思考并加以解决的问题。     

乳腺癌患者夫妻疾病沟通影响因素的质性研究

为了解乳腺癌患者夫妻疾病沟通的影响因素,采用目的抽样法于2021年12月~2022年1月选取12例女性乳腺癌患者进行半结构式访谈。共归纳出2个主题：疾病因素(包括配偶照顾负担、病耻感、疾病恐惧、经济压力、养育忧虑、疾病接受度)、非疾病因素(包括主动沟通意识、沟通技巧、沟通热情)。可见,乳腺癌患者夫妻疾病沟通受多种因素影响,医护人员应深入剖析患者消极内心体验,加强心理疏导,并增强其主动沟通意识,提高其沟通技能和沟通热情,从而改善沟通状况。

     

长期照护服务筹资:国际经验和中国实践的启示

随着我国老龄化程度加剧,如何为失能老年人群体提供体面的、有尊严的晚年生活逐渐成为一项急需制度化解决的社会问题。其中,建立可持续发展的长期照护服务筹资体系是解决该问题的关键因素之一。然而,目前国内外关于长期照护服务筹资体系的研究仍然有待完善。鉴于此,评述了目前国际上的主要长期照护服务筹资模式及其优劣势,总结了我国中央和地方层面长期照护筹资方式和举措。在此基础上,进一步讨论了国内外实践经验对我国发展完善长期照护服务筹资体系的启示。     

Organizations Behaving Badly: Antecedents and Consequences of Uncivil Workplace Environments

The present study investigated the relationship between employees’ perceptions of five characteristics emphasized in their work organization (i.e., individualism, hostile interaction styles, competition, hierarchical governance, and email reliance) and the occurrence of incivility in that context. We also examined how perceptions of uncivil environments, in turn, related to personal experiences of workplace incivility and negative outcomes for targets. The proposed model was examined in two samples of university faculty. Study 1 tested the model with three organizational characteristics (individualism, hostile interaction styles, and competition) and three outcomes (job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and physical health) in a sample of faculty from a wide range of departments at a large Southern university. The second study investigated two additional organizational characteristics (hierarchical governance and email reliance) and an additional outcome (psychological distress) in a nationwide sample of law faculty. Results demonstrated that all but one of the characteristics (email reliance) related to perceptions of an uncivil workplace environment; uncivil environment perceptions, in turn, predicted personal experiences of incivility and negative occupational and health outcomes.     

认知负荷取向下基于记忆-反应冲突的欺骗检测

欺骗检测一直是心理学的重要研究问题。基于欺骗理论的认知视角, 研究者提出欺骗检测的认知负荷取向。采用隐瞒信息测试这一测谎范式, 通过操纵认知负荷影响个体在虚假反应时的记忆-反应冲突解决过程, 考察增加认知负荷对欺骗检测的影响, 以期更好地揭示欺骗检测的认知机制。在此基础上, 以普通人群和犯罪嫌疑人为被试探查基于记忆-反应冲突的欺骗检测的行为和生理指标, 并根据获得的行为和生理指标, 采用机器学习方法进行建模, 预测个体的欺骗行为。研究结果将服务于司法、安防和人际交往等领域的欺骗检测。     

Formation of profuse <c+a> dislocations in deformed calcium-containing magnesium alloys

We report that <c+a> pyramidal slipping could be more easily activated in textured Mg–Ca alloys with increasing Ca contents dissolved in α-Mg matrix under tensile deformation, and it is proposed that the decreased stacking fault energy plays the critical rule. In contrast, only twins and <a> basal dislocations are observed in the compressed samples. The results would provide insight into understanding of the deformation mechanism and designing more ductile Mg alloys.     

自恋与攻击性关系的元分析

本研究采用元分析技术探讨自恋与攻击性的关系。通过文献检索和筛选, 共纳入原始文献121篇, 含177个独立样本, 参与者总数达73687名。元分析的结果显示, 自恋与攻击性存在显著正相关, 二者关系受性别和自恋报告方式的调节, 但不受攻击性报告方式和文化的调节。同时, 不同类型的自恋与攻击性呈现出不同的相关程度, 内隐自恋与攻击性的相关程度高于外显自恋, 非适应性自恋与攻击性的相关程度高于适应性自恋。后续的研究应加强自恋测量的准确性, 注重探讨不同类型自恋与不同类型攻击性的关系。     

The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism impacts victim's moral emotions following interpersonal transgression

Immoral behaviors make individuals abominate and punish transgressors. Inspired by the associations between the Val66Met polymorphism of brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene and emotional responses following negative events, we investigated whether this polymorphism was also associated moral emotions such as punishment and forgiveness following interpersonal transgression. To do so, we categorized 340 individuals according to the BDNF Val66Met and assessed moral emotions by using 12 hypothetic scenarios in different conditions of intention and interpersonal consequence. The results indicated that this polymorphism was significantly associated with moral aversion and punishment towards transgressors. Victims with the Val/Val genotype expressed less aversion and punishment than the Met carriers, regardless of intention and interpersonal consequence. Moreover, this polymorphism was associated with forgiveness. Victims with the Val/Val genotype expressed more forgiveness than the Met carriers. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of the BDNF Val66Met to moral emotions.