语言理解中主体职业特征与动作表征的激活

运用句-配范式以及句子理解与身体反应相互作用的实验范式,探讨 “做某事的是某人”与“某人做某事”两类句式理解过程中主体职业特征与动作表征的激活。结果发现,在“做某事的是某人”句子理解过程中,主体的职业特征和动作表征得到了激活,但在“某人做某事”句子理解过程中,主体职业特征表征和动作表征只有其中一种表征处于匹配状态时,另一种表征才能得到明显的激活。这表明,句子理解过程中,主体职业特征表征得到了激活,而主体职业特征表征与动作执行器表征的同时激活则受到对方匹配情况的影响,知觉符号理论得到了进一步的证明。     

谈马基雅维利的几个概念——依据《新的方式与制度》

曼斯菲尔德认为,马基雅维利的意图是为世界引入新的方式与制度,其新的方式与制度建立在获取的基础之上.获取不再是亚里士多德主张的维持道德的必要工具而成为目的本身,因而获取的压力或人主宰他人的欲望成为主导人的活动以及为他们的活动订立新的评价标准的事物.     

"中苏论战"与中国社会主义体制的选择

本文从经济、政治、文化三方面对"中苏论战"作了系统论述,阐明了"中苏论战"时中苏两国的社会生产力发展状况及各自执行的国内政策,揭示了中国当时经济、政治、文化发展的曲折过程、经验教训和"中苏论战"对中国社会主义体制建设的影响.     

社会公理研究现状与展望

社会公理是人们对世界是如何运作的总体感知,它对人们的日常行为起着重要的指导作用.文章首先介绍了社会公理概念的发展,回顾总结了社会公理对行为的预测及其和文化相关的研究,并对未来的研究方向提出了建议与展望.     

惩罚的正义——在惩罚主义与功利主义之间

惩罚正义问题的回答一般有两种理论:惩罚主义和功利主义.这两种理论分别在康德和边沁、密尔那里得到了有力的辩护,同时,它们也受到了来自许多方面的批驳,这种辩驳表明,绝对的惩罚主义和完全的功利主义都不是保证惩罚正义的合适方案.而惩罚的正义必须形成一种建基于多元的现实之上的多元的理论,从而达到惩罚主义和功利主义之间的一种平衡.     

Inaccurate representation of the ground surface beyond a texture boundary

The sequential-surface-integration-process (SSIP) hypothesis was proposed to elucidate how the visual system constructs the ground-surface representation in the intermediate distance range (He et al, 2004 Perception 33 789-806). According to the hypothesis, the SSIP constructs an accurate representation of the near ground surface by using reliable near depth cues. The near ground representation then serves as a template for integrating the adjacent surface patch by using the texture gradient information as the predominant depth cue. By sequentially integrating the surface patches from near to far, the visual system obtains the global ground representation. A critical prediction of the SSIP hypothesis is that, when an abrupt texture-gradient change exists between the near and far ground surfaces, the SSIP can no longer accurately represent the far surface. Consequently, the representation of the far surface will be slanted upward toward the frontoparallel plane (owing to the intrinsic bias of the visual system), and the egocentric distance of a target on the far surface will be underestimated. Our previous findings in the real 3-D environment have shown that observers underestimated the target distance across a texture boundary. Here, we used the virtual-reality system to first test distance judgments with a distance-matching task. We created the texture boundary by having virtual grass- and cobblestone-textured patterns abutting on a flat (horizontal) ground surface in experiment 1, and by placing a brick wall to interrupt the continuous texture gradient of a flat grass surface in experiment 2. In both instances, observers underestimated the target distance across the texture boundary, compared to the homogeneous-texture ground surface (control). Second, we tested the proposal that the far surface beyond the texture boundary is perceived as slanted upward. For this, we used a virtual checkerboard-textured ground surface that was interrupted by a texture boundary. We found that not only was the target distance beyond the texture boundary underestimated relative to the homogeneous-texture condition, but the far surface beyond the texture boundary was also perceived as relatively slanted upward (experiment 3). Altogether, our results confirm the predictions of the SSIP hypothesis.     

Processing of invisible stimuli: advantage of upright faces and recognizable words in overcoming interocular suppression

Familiar and recognizable stimuli enjoy an advantage of predominance during binocular rivalry, and this advantage is usually attributed to their enhanced processing during the dominant phase. However, do familiar and recognizable stimuli have an advantage in breaking suppression? Test images were gradually introduced to one eye to compete against a standard high-contrast dynamic noise pattern presented to the other eye. Results showed that an upright face took less time than an upside-down face to gain dominance against the identical suppression noise. Results also showed that for Chinese readers, Chinese characters were faster to gain dominance than Hebrew words, whereas for Hebrew readers, the reverse was true. These results suggest that familiar and recognizable information, even when suppressed and invisible, is processed differently from unfamiliar information. Apparently, high-level information about visual form does contribute to the strength of a stimulus during its suppressed phase.     

中国化马克思主义宗教价值观研究

中国化马克思主义宗教价值观是中国共产党对宗教的社会功能、作用和意义的价值判断。宗教具有重要的文化价值、教义教规含有积极因素、宗教界人士和信教群众大多数是积极力量;宗教的消极作用有其产生的根源,有历史的和现实的表现;党和国家宗教工作的目的是发挥积极作用,消除消极因素。     

衡阳市农村邪教调研——邪教的文化学分析

世纪之交,邪教在我国一些农村地区活动猖獗。认识邪教的本质,分析其产生原因,寻求反邪教的有效措施,是无邪农村建设的关键。本文以文化学的方法,通过对衡阳市农村邪教的调研,指出邪教是危害农村社会发展的文化恶魔,其产生的原因在于农村主文化失范及其维持力量弱化,反农村邪教应注意加强主文化建设与对农民个体的教育及其利益、需要合理、正当地满足。     

领导干部荣辱观的社会价值及其实现

领导干部必须牢固树立立党为公、执政为民的根本价值观,以服务人民为荣,以背离人民为耻,这是领导干部荣辱观的核心内涵.领导干部荣辱观是党风廉政建设的试金石,是社会主义政治文明建设的价值观基础;是职业道德建设的风向标,是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要影响力;是树立和落实科学发展观的必然要求,是全面推进小康社会建设的思想前提.要实现领导干部荣辱观的社会价值,既要确立和完善领导干部在荣辱观问题上的"个体认同"和"社会认同",也要强化践行社会主义荣辱观的制度化建设.