依赖结构对信任行为的影响:基于互依理论的视角

信任是人际互动中的重要主题,受到诸多因素的影响,越来越多的研究者关注情境特征对信任的影响。以相互依赖理论为基础,操作依赖的相互性、依赖水平和利益协同,构建互动双方间不同的依赖结构,分析不同依赖结构对被试信任的影响。结果表明:(1)在双向依赖情境中被试的信任水平显著高于单向依赖情境;(2)单向依赖、低利益协同情境中,依赖水平对个体的信任行为有显著影响,双向依赖、高利益协同情境中,依赖水平对个体信任行为的影响不显著;(3)单向依赖、低依赖水平情境中,利益协同对信任行为有显著影响,双向依赖、高利益协同情境中,利益协同对信任行为影响不显著。     

Association between Child Abuse and Health Risk Behaviors among Chinese College Students

Little is known about the link between child abuse and health risk behaviors among Chinese college students. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of child abuse and its relations with individual and clusters of health risk behaviors among Chinese college students. A total of 507 students participated in this survey. The prevalence of child abuse from the highest to the lowest was emotional neglect (53.9%), physical neglect (49.0%), emotional abuse (21.8%), physical abuse (18.3%), and sexual abuse (18.1%), respectively. Males were more likely to report child abuse than females (p?<?0.01). For males, emotional abuse was associated with internet addiction [OR?=?2.28; 95%CI (1.00, 5.20)] and suicidal behavior [OR?=?12.47, 95%CI (2.61, 59.54)]; while sexual abuse was associated with internet addiction [OR?=?2.30, 95%CI (1.14, 4.66)]. For females, emotional abuse was significantly associated with increased risks for self-harm behavior [OR?=?15.03, 95%CI (3.59, 63.07)] and suicidal behavior [OR?=?5.16, 95%CI (1.63, 16.40)]. Physical abuse was related to risks for internet addiction [OR?=?2.50, 95%CI (1.03, 6.04)] significantly. Two-step cluster analysis showed that participants in clusters with more health risk behaviors reported higher scores of child abuse. These findings suggest that child abuse was associated with both individual and clustering of health risk behaviors among Chinese college students.     

Impact of Low Social Preference on the Development of Depressive and Aggressive Symptoms: Buffering by Children’s Prosocial Behavior

Holding a low social position among peers has been widely demonstrated to be associated with the development of depressive and aggressive symptoms in children. However, little is known about potential protective factors in this association. The present study examined whether increases in children’s prosocial behavior can buffer the association between their low social preference among peers and the development of depressive and aggressive symptoms in the first few school years. We followed 324 children over 1.5 years with three assessments across kindergarten and first grade elementary school. Children rated the (dis)likability of each of their classroom peers and teachers rated each child’s prosocial behavior, depressive and aggressive symptoms. Results showed that low social preference at the start of kindergarten predicted persistent low social preference at the start of first grade in elementary school, which in turn predicted increases in both depressive and aggressive symptoms at the end of first grade. However, the indirect pathways were moderated by change in prosocial behavior. Specifically, for children whose prosocial behavior increased during kindergarten, low social preference in first grade elementary school no longer predicted increases in depressive and aggressive symptoms. In contrast, for children whose prosocial behavior did not increase, their low social preference in first grade elementary school continued to predict increases in both depressive and aggressive symptoms. These results suggest that improving prosocial behavior in children with low social preference as early as kindergarten may reduce subsequent risk of developing depressive and aggressive symptom.     

The correlations of psychological status,quality of life,self-esteem,social support and body image disturbance in Chinese patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

This study aimed (i) to complement existing research by focusing on body image disturbance issues in Chinese Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients; (ii) to investigate how Chinese patients make sense of disease diagnosis and perceived cultural influences within the context of their SLE. A total of 118 SLE patients underwent standardized laboratory examinations and completed several questionnaires. Independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using backward stepwise logistic regression model were used to analyze these data. We found 18.3% SLE patients had BID, which were significantly higher than the control group (.8%). SLE patients are more concerned about their physical changes caused by disease. There were significant correlations among personal health insurance, complication of diabetes, appearance of new rash, depression, anxiety, self-esteem and BID in patients with SLE. Meanwhile, logistic regression analysis revealed that appearance of new rash and high anxiety were significantly associated with BID in SLE patients. In conclusion, it is beneficial to pay attention to the physical and mental health of patients with rheumatic disease from the perspective of body image, to understand their needs and to provide effective and effective service for them.     

一个残疾人的心理自我分析

本文全面地系统地分析了作为一名残疾人的自己心理的各个方面,旨在完善自己的心理,发展自己的心理,使自己成为一名心理健康的人。     

浅谈医学院校科研现状及研究生培养管理

倡导良好的科研风尚并建立有效的研究生培养管理体制,对增强医学院校科研能力,提高研究生培养质量至关重要,也是当前高等医学教育工作者共同关心的问题。对医学院校科研现状及现行研究生培养管理模式中存在的问题进行分析,并提出若干思考及建议。     

论"回到马克思"现象

From the point of view of the development of Chinese Marxist philosophy, this paper comprehensively analyzes the current phenomenon of “Return to Marx” by pointing out: (1) the phenomenon of “Return to Marx” meets the need to reconstruct ideology during the time of social change in China and it is a theoretical manifestation of the shift from planned economy to market economy in China; (2) the phenomenon of “Return to Marx” embodies the academic path of the past ten years of Chinese Marxist philosophy; (3) the phenomenon of “Return to Marx” places too much emphasis on logic while too little emphasis on history. This understanding, the epistemological root of “Return to Marx”, has caused the negative effect and is also worth our attention and further study. Translated by Zhao Bi from Xuexi Yu Tansuo 学习与探索 (Study & Exploration), 2004, (5): 1–5     

课堂教学的情感目标测评

构建课堂教学的情感目标评价系统是教学心理学和教学实践亟待解决的一个难题,也是当前新课程改革的急迫需要。本研究在我们已提出的三维度四层次课堂教学的情感目标分类的基础上,采用情绪形容词检表方法尝试编制课堂教学的情感目标测评问卷,以测量由课堂教学引发的学生情绪状态或情感体验,评价该课堂教学在朝向情感目标上的促进效果。经检验,该问卷具有较好的信效度,并在7所中学的20个情感教学模式的现场教学实验中被用于对实验班和对照班进行促情效果的检验,证实其具有较好的鉴别度和可行性。     

《净土十要》的信心论

本文对明代高僧智旭编撰的《净土十要》中的净土信心论作了全面的论述,指出《净土十要》从天台、华严的心性论出发,建立了净土信心论的立足点。并以此为基础,分别从大乘佛教菩萨道信仰、因缘果报论、以及破斥狂禅偏见等等角度,全方位、多层次地论证净土信心,构建了一个完整的净土信心论体系。这样的体系的建立,对清以后中国佛教的发展有重大的影响。     

《太平经》和谐思想浅议

"公平"、"大乐"、"无灾"的太平世道是《太平经》描述的理想社会。为实现这一理想社会,《太平经》阐发了"三合相通"、"承负"、"乐生"、"好善"等思想,要求人类必须遵循自然规律,保持天地万物的和谐,人与人之间要诚信友爱,体现了道教有关个人身心、人与人之间以及人与自然之间和谐共生的思想。这些思想对今天正在进行的社会主义和谐社会的建设也有借鉴作用。