基督教《圣经》的苦修主义

国人都熟知韦伯对新教苦修主义的分析阐述,而这种理论的经典性依据就是基督教《圣经》。《圣经》被认为是上帝默示的经典,也是基督教各教派苦修主义的根本性依据。从传统的“历史—文法释经法”视角来看,无论是《旧约》的各类书卷,还是《新约》中耶稣和使徒的各种教诲,都有大量涉及或清晰地指向苦修主义的经文。它们包括从完全的禁欲、独身,直至普通的斋戒、圣洁、施舍等十余种形式。《旧约》苦修主义以禁食和圣洁为主,意在使当事人或场所更加洁净,从而获得上帝的恩典或者赦免;《新约》则以基督道成肉身,拯救世人的福音进一步倡导奉献服侍的信仰生活,蕴含着隐修和非隐修的苦修主义思想和制度雏形。《圣经》苦修主义是理解基督宗教的基本纬度之一     

Nest size matters: common cuckoos prefer to parasitize larger nests of Oriental reed warblers

Animal Cognition - Avian brood parasites leave parental care of their offspring to foster parents. Theory predicts that parasites should select for large host nests when they have sufficient...     

论"回到马克思"现象

From the point of view of the development of Chinese Marxist philosophy, this paper comprehensively analyzes the current phenomenon of “Return to Marx” by pointing out: (1) the phenomenon of “Return to Marx” meets the need to reconstruct ideology during the time of social change in China and it is a theoretical manifestation of the shift from planned economy to market economy in China; (2) the phenomenon of “Return to Marx” embodies the academic path of the past ten years of Chinese Marxist philosophy; (3) the phenomenon of “Return to Marx” places too much emphasis on logic while too little emphasis on history. This understanding, the epistemological root of “Return to Marx”, has caused the negative effect and is also worth our attention and further study. Translated by Zhao Bi from Xuexi Yu Tansuo 学习与探索 (Study & Exploration), 2004, (5): 1–5     

课堂教学的情感目标测评

构建课堂教学的情感目标评价系统是教学心理学和教学实践亟待解决的一个难题,也是当前新课程改革的急迫需要。本研究在我们已提出的三维度四层次课堂教学的情感目标分类的基础上,采用情绪形容词检表方法尝试编制课堂教学的情感目标测评问卷,以测量由课堂教学引发的学生情绪状态或情感体验,评价该课堂教学在朝向情感目标上的促进效果。经检验,该问卷具有较好的信效度,并在7所中学的20个情感教学模式的现场教学实验中被用于对实验班和对照班进行促情效果的检验,证实其具有较好的鉴别度和可行性。     

论明武宗崇奉藏传佛教

明武宗朱厚照在历史上以崇奉藏传佛教而著称。他在京师大量封授、供养藏僧,自封为大庆法王,坚持迎取活佛,为藏僧等建寺造塔,大量开度藏僧行童。明武宗崇奉藏传佛教,与他信奉藏传佛教教义及修行方法,以及其荒嬉的个性有很大关系。宫中浓厚的藏传佛教信仰、朝政日益黑暗腐朽也有一定影响。武宗崇奉藏传佛教,使明朝政治日趋黑暗腐朽,加剧了财政危机,加强了汉藏文化交流,也成为反面典型和后世诸帝鉴戒。     

震后民族地区初中生应付方式与心理健康关系研究

该研究采用《初中生心理健康问卷》和《应付方式问卷》,对496名"5.12"汶川大地震民族地区的初中生心理健康水平和应付方式进行了调查。结果发现:1)灾区民族初中生的心理健康得分较高,各因子相关性较强;2)性别和年级方面大部分心理健康因子差异显著;3)应付方式各因子间呈显著低相关;4)解决问题、自责、幻想等应付方式对震后民族地区初中生的心理健康有显著预测作用。     

重复启动条件下语义启动效应减少的机制

采用重复启动范式探讨语义启动效应减少的机制。结果发现,在SOA为短的167ms条件下,重复/相同和重复/相关的启动效应无差异,且重复/相关启动并未导致语义启动效应的减少;而在SOA为长的1200ms条件下,重复/相同和重复/相关的启动效应差异显著,且重复/相关启动导致了语义启动效应的减少,而重复/相同未导致语义启动效应的减少。在抵消了期望和消退的作用后,在SOA为1200ms条件下所得到的重复/相同和重复/相关启动效应的差异,是由于扩散受到了阻碍而导致的。这一结论支持了激活扩散是有一定条件的观点。     

Facing temptation: The neural correlates of gambling availability during sports picture exposure

Nowadays, sports betting has become increasingly available and easy to engage in. Here we examined the neural responses to stimuli that represent sporting events available for betting as compared to sporting events without a gambling opportunity. We used a cue exposure task in which football (soccer) fans (N = 42) viewed cues depicting scheduled football games that would occur shortly after the scanning session. In the “betting” condition, participants were instructed to choose, at the end of each block, the game (and the team) they wanted to bet on. In the “watching” condition, participants chose the game they would prefer to watch. After the scanning session, participants completed posttask rating questionnaires assessing, for each cue, their level of confidence about the team they believed would win and how much they would enjoy watching the game. We found that stimuli representing sport events available for betting elicited higher fronto-striatal activation, as well as higher insular cortex activity and functional connectivity, than sport events without a gambling opportunity. Moreover, games rated with more confidence towards the winning team resulted in greater brain activations within regions involved in affective decision-making (ventromedial prefrontal cortex), cognitive inhibitory control (medial and superior frontal gyri) and reward processing (ventral and dorsal striatum). Altogether, these novel findings offer a sensible simulation of how the high availability of sports betting in today’s environment impacts on the reward and cognitive control systems. Future studies are needed to extend the present findings to a sample of football fans that includes a samilar proportion of female and male participants.     

论马克思实践哲学的政治意蕴

In order to deepen the studies on the philosophy of practice, it is essential to explore the political significance of Marx's philosophy of practice. Marx's philosophy of practice is rooted in the problem of modernity and the separation between “individual subjectivity” and “societal community” in the modern context is the basic background of Marx's practical philosophy. It is the basic interest of Marx's philosophy of practice to find a way to end this separation via critique of civil society. Therefore, Marx's philosophy of practice has a clear significance, which manifests in the following aspects: one is “liberation politics,” and the other, “the regulatory mode of the socio-political institution.” Translated by Zhang Lin from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲学研究 (Philosophical Research), 2007, (1): 3–10     

马克思《资本论》的历史性解读

卢卡奇在反思自己的马克思主义思想发展道路时,谈到了他对马克思哲学本质的这一理解:"任何人若幻想靠对辩证唯物主义的广泛深入的认识来一劳永逸地掌握自然和社会的现象,就必然要从生动的辩证法重新陷入机械的僵化状态,从全面的唯物主义重新陷入唯心主义的片面性.马克思的学说辩证唯物主义,必须每日每时地在实践中重新领会和掌握."