The Association Between Maternal Control and Sense of Coherence in Chinese Adolescents: Self-Efficacy as a Mediator and Stressful Life Events as a Moderator

Journal of Happiness Studies - Both parental support and overprotection have been found to be associated with adolescents’ sense of coherence (SOC) in prior studies. It is unclear, however,...     

Within‐person Relationship between Creative Self‐efficacy and Individual Creativity: The Mediator of Creative Process Engagement and the Moderator of Regulatory Focus

Integrating the dynamic self‐regulatory framework with the motivational self‐regulation perspective, we theorize and test how and when creative self‐efficacy increases individual creativity at the within‐person level. Conceptualizing creative process engagement as a self‐regulation effort, we theorize that creative process engagement mediates the within‐person effect of creative self‐efficacy on individual creativity. We further explore how creative self‐efficacy and chronic regulatory focus interact to affect the within‐person mediating effect. A sample of 145 R&D workers provided two monthly reports for their creative activities and experiences over 8 months. The findings provide empirical support for the hypothesized mediating mechanism. At the within‐person level, creative process engagement mediates the relationship between creative self‐efficacy and individual creativity. The results also show that chronic regulatory focus moderated the mediated relationship. Specifically, creative self‐efficacy is positively related to individual creativity for employees with a strong prevention focus and negatively related to individual creativity for employees with a strong promotion focus.     

Combining Clickstream Analyses and Graph-Modeled Data Clustering for Identifying Common Response Processes

Psychometrika - Complex interactive test items are becoming more widely used in assessments. Being computer-administered, assessments using interactive items allow logging time-stamped action...     

两种新的多维计算机化分类测验终止规则

计算机化分类测验(Computerized Classification Testing, CCT)由于具备分类的功能, 目前在职业资格考试、健康与护理问卷等以分类为目的的测验中得到广泛应用。作为CCT的重要组成部分, 终止规则不仅决定测验停止的条件而且直接影响分类准确率及测验效率。然而, 目前少有研究对多维CCT (Mulitidimensional CCT, MCCT)的终止规则进行探索。针对已有MCCT终止规则的不足, 提出两种新的MCCT终止规则(即基于马氏距离的多维序贯似然比规则Mahalanobis-SPRT和随机缩减的多维广义似然比规则M-SCGLR), 并开展模拟研究在不同实验条件下(比如, 不同的题库结构、能力维度间相关及分界函数)考查它们的表现。结果表明：(1)在使用补偿性分界函数的条件下, Mahalanobis-SPRT规则具有较高的分类精度和与同类方法相近的测验长度; (2)在几乎所有实验条件下, M-SCGLR规则不仅在测验精度上大幅优于已有的多维随机缩减规则, 而且具有较短的测验长度。     

观点采择是否一定促进内隐宽恕?——受害者对伤害动机认同的调节作用

以往研究多认为观点采择可有效促进宽恕,近期研究则开始关注观点采择诱发宽恕等亲社会行为的边界条件。结合“换位体验”和内隐态度测量范式,本研究考察了受害者对伤害动机的认同在被动和自发观点采择影响内隐宽恕过程中的调节作用。实验1发现当人际伤害中存在人们无法认同的恶意不道德动机时,被动和自发观点采择都抑制了受害者对施害者的内隐宽恕且后者的抑制效应更显著。实验2则进一步操纵了不同类型受害者对施害者伤害动机的认同差异,低认同组与实验1结果相同,即被动和自发观点采择中都抑制了内隐宽恕且后者的抑制效应更显著,但高认同组在两种观点采择中都促进了内隐宽恕且二者的促进效应无显著差异。本研究揭示了伤害动机认同在不同类型观点采择影响内隐宽恕过程中起到的调节作用,进一步丰富了对观点采择和宽恕间复杂关系的认识。     

Iki and Contingency: A Reconstruction of Shūzō Kuki’s Early Aesthetic theory

Iki is the key word of Shūzō Kuki’s The Structure of Iki, and it became one of the most widely recognized Japanese aesthetic categories mainly due to this work. However, in The Problems of Contingency, which is Kuki’s most important philosophical work, there is no discussion of iki again, and consequently, most commentators of Kuki fail to see the correlation between his theories of iki and contingency. This article, by contrast, intends to provide a new interpretation of iki in the light of Kuki’s theory of contingency. The specific thesis of this paper is that aesthetic phenomena categorized as subject to the principles of iki are positively evaluated in Japanese culture just because the consciousness of iki is just one form of the consciousness of contingency, in which the awareness of alternatives to the actual situation could produce considerable spiritual entertainment for aesthetic subjects.     

他人注视对不诚实行为的影响

有研究发现,他人的注视会使人们倾向于遵循社会规则,但甚少发现他人注视状态对不诚实行为的影响。该研究旨在通过比较眼睛的呈现类型和形式对不诚实行为的影响,来考察哪种注视状态能有效抑制个体的不诚实行为。结果发现,非伴随注视状态下,被试表现出不诚实行为,且不同类型的眼睛对被试的不诚实行为没有影响; 伴随注视状态下,直视眼抑制了被试的不诚实行为,而斜视眼则没有。这表明他人持续的注视可能作为内隐的名誉线索在一定程度上抑制了人们的不诚实行为。     

中国人善良人格的结构研究

善良人格是一个具有中国文化特色的人格心理学主题。为了探究善良人格的结构和内涵,研究基于人格词汇学假设,通过开放式和半开放式问卷调查,经由意义分善良; 善良人格; 人格结构; 中国人析和初测保留了85个善良人格词汇; 在此基础上,进行探索性和验证性因素分析,揭示了中国人的善良人格是一个包括诚信友善、利他奉献、宽容和善、重情重义的二阶四因子结构。信度和效度分析表明,编制的善良人格问卷的信、效度良好,符合心理测量学的基本要求。     

Hypothesis Testing of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Q</Emphasis>-matrix

The recent surge of interests in cognitive assessment has led to the development of cognitive diagnosis models. Central to many such models is a specification of the Q-matrix, which relates items to latent attributes that have natural interpretations. In practice, the Q-matrix is usually constructed subjectively by the test designers. This could lead to misspecification, which could result in lack of fit of the underlying statistical model. To test possible misspecification of the Q-matrix, traditional goodness of fit tests, such as the Chi-square test and the likelihood ratio test, may not be applied straightforwardly due to the large number of possible response patterns. To address this problem, this paper proposes a new statistical method to test the goodness fit of the Q-matrix, by constructing test statistics that measure the consistency between a provisional Q-matrix and the observed data for a general family of cognitive diagnosis models. Limiting distributions of the test statistics are derived under the null hypothesis that can be used for obtaining the test p-values. Simulation studies as well as a real data example are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method.     

Reference frames in spatial updating when body-based cues are absent

The current study investigated the reference frame used in spatial updating when idiothetic cues to self-motion were minimized (desktop virtual reality). In Experiment 1, participants learned a layout of eight objects from a single perspective (learning heading) in a virtual environment. After learning, they were placed in the same virtual environment and used a keyboard to navigate to two of the learned objects (visible) before pointing to a third object (invisible). We manipulated participants’ starting orientation (initial heading) and final orientation (final heading) before pointing, to examine the reference frame used in this task. We found that participants used the initial heading and the learning heading to establish reference directions. In Experiment 2, the procedure was almost the same as in Experiment 1 except that participants pointed to objects relative to an imagined heading that differed from their final heading in the virtual environment. In this case, pointing performance was only affected by alignment with the learning heading. We concluded that the initial heading played an important role in spatial updating without idiothetic cues, but the representation established at this heading was transient and affected by the interruption of spatial updating; the learning heading, on the other hand, corresponded to an enduring representation which was used consistently.