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81.
Ling Jin Chiachih DC Wang Danna Bismar Ivan Carbajal Wenzhen Zhu 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2024,52(1):64-78
This study examined the role of cognitive flexibility and collective coping in the relationship between adult attachment and life satisfaction while comparing Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC; n = 187) and White (n = 135) groups. Result showed that the relationship between attachment anxiety and life satisfaction was mediated via cognitive flexibility and collective coping only in the BIPOC group. This study informs culturally responsive attachment-based counseling and advances literature from a decolonial perspective. 相似文献
82.
83.
Kangas A Zieber N Hayden A Quinn PC Bhatt RS 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2011,73(8):2657-2667
Learning can be highly adaptive if associations learned in one context are generalized to novel contexts. We examined the development of such generalization in infancy in the context of grouping. In Experiment 1, 3- to 4-month-olds and 6- to 7-month-olds were habituated to shapes grouped via the organizational principle of common region and were tested with familiar and novel pairs as determined by the principle of proximity. Older infants generalized from common region to proximity, but younger infants did not. Younger infants failed to generalize when the task was easier (Experiment 2), and their failure was not due to inability to group via proximity (Experiment 3). However, in Experiment 4, even younger infants generalized grouping on the basis of connectedness to proximity. Thus, the ability to transfer learned associations of shapes to novel contexts is evident early in life, although it continues to undergo quantitative change during infancy. Moreover, the operation of this generalization mechanism may be induced by means of bootstrapping onto functional organizational principles, which is consistent with a developmental framework in which core processes scaffold learning. 相似文献
84.
85.
This study reports an investigation of the psychological well-being of 90 elderly persons living in independent, retirement, and nursing homes. In previous studies elderly persons have not been matched on high levels of social and physical functioning across these living environments. Analyses indicated significantly that elderly persons living in their own homes or retirement homes reported greater well-being than their matched cohorts in nursing homes. 相似文献
86.
The present study was undertaken to determine whether pacing and masking would facilitate improved speech initiation times (SITs) both for stutterers and for nonstutterers. All subjects were tested in control, pacing, and masking conditions. The results showed that both stutterers and nonstutterers (1) improved their SITs during the pacing condition as compared with the control condition (p = 0.01), (2) had slower SITs in the masking condition as compared with the control condition (p = 0.05), and (3) had faster SITs during the pacing as compared with the masking condition (p = 0.01). The SIT between-group findings demonstrated that stutterers were slower than nonstutterers across all SIT conditions (p = 0.08). The discussion of these results centers on the facilatory nature of novel stimulation in modifying speech-system functioning. 相似文献
87.
88.
Brian Hayden 《Journal of personality》1979,47(3):546-556
In the context of a formulation of self, the possibility for self-defined change and its occurrence were specified. Views of self, defined as concordant (actual and preferred self views are the same) or discordant (actual and preferred self views are different) were analyzed in terms of the implicative capacity of each view of self and willingness to change one's view of self. The general formulation was confirmed. Individuals tend to (1) maintain a desired and current view of self, and (2) either shift or avoid a shift to the desired view of self depending on the relative implicative capacity of the desired or preferred view of self. Theoretical implications of the nature of the self and the possibilities of change, of self-defined change, and insight were discussed. 相似文献
89.
90.
Angela Hayden Ramesh S. Bhatt Nicole Zieber Ashley Kangas 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(2):270-275
Adults process other-race faces differently than own-race faces. For instance, a single other-race face in an array of own-race
faces attracts Caucasians’ attention, but a single own-race face among other-race faces does not. This perceptual asymmetry
has been explained by the presence of an other-race feature in other-race faces and its absence in own-race faces; this difference is thought to underlie race-based differences
in face processing. We examined the developmental origins of this mechanism in two groups of Caucasian 9-month-olds. Infants
in the experimental group exhibited a preference for a pattern containing a single Asian face among seven Caucasian faces
over a pattern containing a single Caucasian face among seven Asian faces. This preference was not driven by the majority
of elements in the images, because a control group of infants failed to exhibit a preference between homogeneous patterns
containing eight Caucasian versus eight Asian faces. The results demonstrate that an other-race face among own-race faces
attracts infants’ attention but not vice versa. This perceptual asymmetry suggests that the other-race feature is available
to Caucasians by 9 months of age, thereby indicating that mechanisms of specialization in face processing originate early
in life. 相似文献