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141.
Some of the stimulus features that guide visual attention are abstract properties of objects such as potential threat to one's survival, whereas others are complex configurations such as visual contexts that are learned through past experiences. The present study investigated the two functions that guide visual attention, threat detection and learning of contextual regularities, in visual search. Search arrays contained images of threat and non-threat objects, and their locations were fixed on some trials but random on other trials. Although they were irrelevant to the visual search task, threat objects facilitated attention capture and impaired attention disengagement. Search time improved for fixed configurations more than for random configurations, reflecting learning of visual contexts. Nevertheless, threat detection had little influence on learning of the contextual regularities. The results suggest that factors guiding visual attention are different from factors that influence learning to guide visual attention. 相似文献
142.
This study assessed whether attitudes towards STI screening, visiting a clinic and having an STI (STI stigma) predict STI screening attendance in young adults. Participants (N = 217) rated each of these attitudes and completed measures assessing their STI knowledge, past sexual behaviour and sexual health. STI stigma and having favourable attitudes towards STI screening positively predicted screening attendance. People were less likely to attend if they had a negative attitude towards visiting sexual health clinics. Researchers should assess attitudes towards the attitude object (screening), condition (STI stigma) and process (visiting a clinic) to understand the different ways that attitudes predict behaviour. 相似文献
143.
Brenner LA Breshears RE Betthauser LM Bellon KK Holman E Harwood JE Silverman MM Huggins J Nagamoto HT 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(2):116-128
Suicide and suicide attempts are significant issues for military, Veterans Affairs (VA), and civilian healthcare systems.
The lack of uniform terms related to self-directed violence (SDV) has inhibited epidemiological surveillance efforts, limited
the generalizability of empirical studies of suicide and non-lethal forms of SDV, and complicated the implementation of evidence-based
assessment and treatment strategies for individuals with suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors. The Department of Veterans Affairs
recently adopted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) SDV Classification System (SDVCS). This paper describes
an implementation study of the SDVCS in two VA Medical Centers. The Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19 Mental Illness
Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) training program for the SDVCS, including the SDVCS Clinical Tool (CT), will
be discussed. Although preliminary data suggest that the CT and SDVCS are generally perceived as being acceptable and useful,
further work will likely be required to facilitate widespread adoption. Potential next steps in this process are presented. 相似文献
144.
Brenner LA Betthauser LM Homaifar BY Villarreal E Harwood JE Staves PJ Huggins JA 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2011,41(4):416-423
History of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been found to increase risk of suicidal behavior. The association between suicide attempt history among veterans with PTSD and/or TBI was explored. Cases (N = 81) and 2:1 matched controls (N = 160) were randomly selected from a Veterans Affairs Medical Center clinical database. PTSD history was associated with an increased risk for a suicide attempt (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5, 5.1). This increased risk was present for those with and without a history of TBI. Results support incorporating PTSD history when assessing suicide risk among veterans with and without TBI. 相似文献
145.
Oliver Stiedl Michael Meyer MD PhD 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(4):311-345
Non-linear fractal analysis of cardiac interbeat time series was performed in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype
2 (CRFR2) deficient mice. Heart rate dynamics in mice constitutes a self-similar, scale-invariant, random fractal process
with persistent intrinsic long-range correlations and inverse power-law properties. We hypothesized that the sustained tachycardic
response elicited by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of human/rat CRF (h/rCRF) is mediated by CRFR2. In wildtype control animals,
heart rate was increased to about maximum levels (~ 750 bpm) while in CRFR2-deficient animals baseline values were retained
(~ 580 bpm). The tachycardic response elicited by ip-application is mediated by CRFR2 and is interpreted to result from sympathetic
stimulation. However, the functional integrity of CRFR2 would not present a prerequisite to maintaining the responsiveness
and resiliency of cardiac control to external environmental perturbations experimentally induced by extrinsic ip-application
of h/rCRF or under physiological conditions that may be associated with an increased peripheral release of CRF. Under stressful
physiological conditions achieved by novelty exposure, CRFR2 is not involved in the cardiodynamic regulation to external short-term
stress. While the hypothesis of involvement of CRFR2 in cardiac regulation upon pharmacological stimulation cannot be rejected,
the present findings suggest that the mechanism of action is by sympathetic stimulation, but would not unambiguously allow
to draw any conclusions as to the physiological role of CRFR2 in the control of cardiac dynamics. 相似文献
146.
Irene Harwood 《Group》2001,25(1-2):87-89
147.
P. Wylleman C.G. Harwood A.-M. Elbe A. Reints D. de Caluwé 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2009,10(4):435-446
Objectives and methodAs the field of applied sport psychology (ASP) is witnessing a growth in interest in professional practice, it is also faced with the challenge of developing its professional status. Taking into account the lack of research on the career development of ASP practitioners, this article reviews research and information relevant to two major career phases: a) education in preparing for ASP practice, and b) initiation and development of professional ASP practice. The paper also provides an initial collation of information and research regarding ASP education, professional development, and service provision in Europe.Results and conclusionsResults revealed that the field of ASP still faces the challenge of formulating an encompassing and uniformly used definition of ASP; of gaining a better understanding of the career development of ASP professionals, with particular attention for female ASP practitioners; of gaining insight into, analysing and providing quality management in the educational pathways preparing for ASP practice; and of optimising the vocational development of the ASP professional by way of ensuring the quality of ASP service delivery and the development of competencies in ASP practitioners. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated for furthering the development of ASP in Europe, and on the possible role of the European Federation for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (FEPSAC). 相似文献
148.
149.
Alexei V. Shemagonov MD Valentina N. Sidorenko MD Ph.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2000,35(3):218-223
The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of Medical Resonance Therapy Music (MRT-Music) upon autonomous
innervation of cerebral arteries by examining slow spontaneous oscillations of cerebral blood flow (SSO) using transcranial
Doppler ultrasound (TCD). TCD detects SSO with 3–9 cycles per minute (M-waves) and 0.5–2 cycles per minute (B-waves). The
SSO are caused by rhythmic diameter changes of the medium and small cerebral arteries. Six patients aged 24–65 years suffering
from tension headache were treated with MRT-Music. Twelve additional patients were examined with TCD only to register SSO
for further spectral analysis.
After fast Fourier transformation four groups of peaks were registered on the SSO spectra, divided into four rhythms: A. 0.0–0.02
Hz, B. 0.02–0.033 Hz, C. 0.06–0.09 Hz, D. 0.09–0.15 Hz and an intermediate diapason of 0.034–0.059 Hz.
Spectral analysis of the SSO showed changes between initial and final amplitude peaks in all patients. In contrast to A-,
B-and D-rhythms, the reduction of peaks in the C-diapason was statistically significant (31–60%, P 3D0.04, CI 3D95%) for patients
treated with MRT-Music. All patients treated with the MRT-Music reported a relief of headache while and after treatment. 相似文献
150.
Music is an ancient method for healing. In the year 550 B.C., Pythagoras from Greece developed a concept for the use of music
in medicine, esteeming music higher than many other medical treatments. The Medical Resonance Therapy Music (MRT-Music) of
the German classical composer and musicologist Peter Huebner is built on this concept of Pythagorean music medicine. Its therapeutic
effect may be best explained by the natural phenomenon of resonance between the harmony laws of the microcosm of music and
the biological laws of the body. Results received after application of MRT-Music indicate multiple positive effects on the
organism of pregnant women both with a healthy pregnancy as with a pathologic one, reducing the rate of premature births very
effectively. Furthermore, MRT-Music came out to be an effective method in the complex therapy of late gestoses and a nearly
irreplaceable method for preoperative preparation of pregnant woman for caesarean section. It demonstrated a powerful anti-stress
effect and allowd to reduce the amount of administered pain-killers to pregnant women by the factor 1.5 to 2.0 thus reducing
the negative pharmacological load to the foetus. It furthermore reduced labour time and shortened hospital stay. It helped
to create optimal conditions for the course of pregnancy and heightened pain sensitivity threshold by means of improving the
functional, hormonal, and psycho-emotional conditions of pregnant and lying-in women. Thus, the labour process became more
natural, the delivery non-traumatic, and motherhood more happy and safe. 相似文献