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101.
Conchi San Martín Martínez Humbert Boada i CalbetPeter Feigenbaum 《Cognitive development》2011,26(3):214
To further investigate the possible regulatory role of private and inner speech in the context of referential social speech communications, a set of clear and systematically applied measures is needed. This study addresses this need by introducing a rigorous method for identifying private speech and certain sharply defined instances of inaudible inner speech. Using this classification system, longitudinal data were gathered from 10 pairs of children performing a referential communication task at 4.5, 6.5, and 8.5 years of age. Results demonstrated children's substantial production of private and inner speech in this communicative situation, with speech forms varying in amount and type as a function of age, communicative role (speaker or listener), and the complexity of the material to be communicated. It is suggested that private and inner speech embedded in discourse may serve a regulatory role in social speech communication. 相似文献
102.
Sanda Stanković Tatjana Vukosavljević-Gvozden 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2011,29(1):17-34
This study extended earlier research (Harrington in Cong Ther Res 30:699–709, 2006) on the relationship of the multidimensional Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS) with measures of depressed mood, anxiety
and anger, independent of self-esteem. The study employed a non-clinical student sample (N = 323) and measures of both state and trait anger and anxiety. In addition, the Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire
(USAQ) was also used to specifically assess REBT self-acceptance beliefs regarding self-worth, as well as a measure of self-esteem.
A Serbian version of the FDS was developed for use in the study. Consistent with the earlier research, significant predictive
relationships were found, whilst controlling for self-worth, between entitlement and anger, emotional intolerance and anxiety,
and discomfort intolerance with depressed mood. Emotional intolerance also proved to be a significant positive predictor of
depression, whilst achievement frustration had a negative relationship with depression. Overall, the FDS dimensions had a
weaker relationship with emotional states than traits. The results are discussed in regard to the relationship between FDS
dimensions and dysfunctional emotions in a non-clinical sample. 相似文献
103.
Rita Žukauskienė Alfredas Laurinavičius Ilona Čėsnienė 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):363-372
This study examined the factorial structure and validity of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) in
a European forensic context. A random sample of 257 criminal offenders from the Lithuanian prison population were administered
the PCL:SV (Hart et al. 1995). The pattern of validity coefficients in this sample was comparable to other North American and non-North American samples.
Several theoretical factorial structures for the PCL:SV were tested and compared. The two-factor model was not supported,
while three- and four-factor models provided an acceptable fit to Lithuanian data. The four-factor model showed significantly
better fit compared to the two-factor model. Correlations between PCL:SV factors and demographic variables confirm construct
validity. However in the four-factor model, when controlling for correlations of the remaining three factors, only the Antisocial
factor significantly correlated with variables related to criminal activity. It was concluded that the overall results of
the PCL:SV in a male sample of Lithuanian offenders support cross-cultural generalizability of the construct of psychopathy
as measured by the PCL:SV. 相似文献
104.
105.
Frank Larøi Sanneke de Haan Simon Jones Andrea Raballo 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2010,9(2):225-240
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are a highly complex and rich phenomena, and this has a number of important clinical, theoretical and methodological implications. However, until recently, this fact has not always been incorporated into the experimental designs and theoretical paradigms used by researchers within the cognitive sciences. In this paper, we will briefly outline two recent examples of phenomenologically informed approaches to the study of AVHs taken from a cognitive science perspective. In the first example, based on Larøi and Woodward (Harv Rev Psychiatry 15:109–117, 2007), it is argued that reality monitoring studies examining the cognitive underpinnings of hallucinations have not reflected the phenomenological complexity of AVHs in their experimental designs and theoretical framework. The second example, based on Jones (Schizophr Bull, in press, 2010), involves a critical examination of the phenomenology of AVHs in the context of two other prominent cognitive models: inner speech and intrusions from memory. It will be shown that, for both examples, the integration of a phenomenological analysis provides important improvements both on a methodological, theoretical and clinical level. This will be followed by insights and critiques from philosophy and clinical psychiatry—both of which offer a phenomenological alternative to the empiricist–rationalist conceptualisation of AVHs inherent to the cognitive sciences approach. Finally, the paper will conclude with ideas as to how the cognitive sciences may integrate these latter perspectives into their methodological and theoretical programmes. 相似文献
106.
Gordana Jovanović 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2010,44(4):310-328
The conflict between the psychometric methodological framework and the particularities of human experiences reported in psychotherapeutic
context led Michael Schwarz to raise the question whether psychology is based on a methodological error. I take this conflict
as a heuristic tool for the reconstruction of the early history of psychology, which bears witness to similar epistemological
conflicts, though the dominant historiography of psychology has largely forgotten alternative conceptions and their valuable
insights into complexities of psychic phenomena. In order to work against the historical amnesia in psychology I suggest to
look at cultural-historical contexts which decisively shaped epistemological choices in psychology. Instead of keeping epistemology
and history of psychology separate, which nurtures individualism and naturalism in psychology, I argue for historizing epistemology
and for historical psychology. From such a historically reflected perspective psychology in contemporary world can be approached
more critically. 相似文献
107.
This study examined effectiveness of Home‐Start, a program designed to support parents with young children. The aims were (a) to examine whether Home‐Start improved maternal well‐being and (b) to examine whether Home‐Start led to changes in the behavior of mothers or children. Self‐reported and observational data were collected in two waves, using data from 54 mothers and their children between 1.5 and 3.5 years of age who participated in this intervention program for 6 months. These data were compared to 51 comparison families who reported need for parenting support. The results showed a significant improvement in perceived parenting competence, but no effects on maternal depressive moods. Mixed results were found for parenting behavior: Parental consistency and observed sensitivity improved significantly in the Home‐Start group whereas no effects were found on the other parenting variables. Child behavioral problems seemed to diminish at the second measurement in both groups, and therefore these changes cannot be attributed to Home‐Start. 相似文献
108.
The authors explored the influence of task content and the menstrual cycle phase on working memory (WM) performance. They addressed the content specificity of WM in the framework of evolutionary psychology, proposing a hormone-mediated adaptive design governing face perception. The authors tested 2 groups of healthy young women (n = 66 women with regular menstrual cycle, n = 27 oral contraceptive users) on a WM task with adult male or infant face photographs. Analyses of variance showed significant interaction between task content and estrogen level. Women were more efficient in solving the male faces task during high-estrogen phase of the cycle than during low-estrogen phase. No differences were found in the efficacy of solving the infant faces task between different phases of the cycle. Results suggest content-specific activational effects of estrogen on the WM performance and are consistent with the notion of a hormonal mechanism underlying adaptive shifts in cognition related to mating motivation. 相似文献
109.
Slavoj Žižek 《Topoi》2006,25(1-2):137-142
There are not only true or false solutions, there are also false questions. The task of philosophy is not to provide answers
or solutions, but to submit to critical analysis the questions themselves, to make us see how the very way we perceive a problem
is an obstacle to its solution. This holds especially for today’s public debates on ecological threats, on lack of faith,
on democracy and the “war on terror”, in which the “unknown knowns”, the silent presuppositions we are not aware of, determine
our acts. 相似文献
110.
Aksoy Derya Yeşim Altıparmak Sümeyye Karakayalı Ay Çiğdem Özşahin Zeliha 《Journal of religion and health》2022,61(4):2855-2875
Journal of Religion and Health - The cultural competence model is an ethnographic model created to improve the cultural understanding of people’s status in the context of health, health... 相似文献