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541.
Kristin Janschewitz 《Behavior research methods》2008,40(4):1065-1074
Although taboo words are used to study emotional memory and attention, no easily accessible normative data are available that
compare taboo, emotionally valenced, and emotionally neutral words on the same scales. Frequency, inappropriateness, valence,
arousal, and imageability ratings for taboo, emotionally valenced, and emotionally neutral words were made by 78 native-English-speaking
college students from a large metropolitan university. The valenced set comprised both positive and negative words, and the
emotionally neutral set comprised category-related and category-unrelated words. To account for influences of demand characteristics
and personality factors on the ratings, frequency and inappropriateness measures were decomposed into raters’ personal reactions
to the words versus raters’ perceptions of societal reactions to the words (personal use vs. familiarity and offensiveness
vs. tabooness, respectively). Although all word sets were rated higher in familiarity and tabooness than in personal use and
offensiveness, these differences were most pronounced for the taboo set. In terms of valence, the taboo set was most similar
to the negative set, although it yielded higher arousal ratings than did either valenced set. Imageability for the taboo set
was comparable to that of both valenced sets. The ratings of each word are presented for all participants as well as for single-sex
groups. The inadequacies of the application of normative data to research that uses emotional words and the conceptualization
of taboo words as a coherent category are discussed. Materials associated with this article may be accessed at the Psychonomic
Society’s Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
542.
To better understand how women at risk of body image disturbance respond when their body concerns are activated, we examined attentional and memory biases in undergraduate women with high thin-ideal internalization, an identified risk factor for eating disorders, following priming of body and appearance concerns. Female undergraduates (N = 186) viewed photos of either sports cars or attractive swimsuit models, then completed the Lexical Decision Test, a word recall test, and questionnaires assessing thin-ideal internalization and eating disorder symptomatology. High thin-ideal internalizers did not exhibit cognitive biases predicted by cognitive models of eating disorders, even when their body and appearance concerns were primed by exposure to attractive models. Converging evidence suggests that high-risk non-clinical samples rarely exhibit cognitive biases characteristic of individuals with eating disorders, and, in fact, may actually incorporate ideal appearance into their schemas and preferentially attend to attractive stimuli. 相似文献
543.
Kristin A. Phelps Raymond G. Miltenberger Tess Jens Heather Wadeson 《Behavioral Interventions》2008,23(3):181-200
The present study investigated the effects of weekly dog visits on depression scores, mood, and social interaction in elderly individuals living in a nursing home. Five elderly residents participated in baseline assessments for 4–8 weeks and then received weekly dog visits for 6 weeks. Assessments, consisting of weekly observations of social interaction and paper and pencil measures of mood and depression, continued during the dog visits. The effect of dog visits was evaluated in a multiple baseline across participants design. Dog visits did not improve depression scores, mood (with the exception of one resident), or social interaction (with the exception of one resident). Residents did interact with the dog during the visits, however, and reported that they enjoyed the visits. These results show that dog visits do not always have therapeutic effects and suggest the need for further research in the area before the beneficial effects of dog visits can be substantiated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The current study examined cognitive factors that may be relevant to understanding anxiety and worry about bodily sensations among an HIV/AIDS population. Specifically, this investigation tested the main and interactive effects of anxiety sensitivity and mindful attention on anxious arousal, bodily vigilance, interoceptive fear, and HIV symptom distress among 164 adults with HIV/AIDS. Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was positively related to anxious arousal, bodily vigilance, and interoceptive fear, but not HIV symptom distress. Mindful attention was negatively related to anxious arousal, interoceptive fear, and HIV symptom distress, but not bodily vigilance. These main effects for anxiety sensitivity and mindful attention were evident after controlling for disease stage, years with HIV, and demographic variables. There were no interactive effects between anxiety sensitivity and mindful attention. Results are discussed in terms of the clinical implications for identifying and treating anxiety and worry about bodily sensations among adults with HIV/AIDS. Limitations of this study include the use of cross-sectional data and self-report assessments. 相似文献
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