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101.
A M Hartman 《Perceptual and motor skills》1991,73(2):691-694
To answer questions raised about the accuracy of temporal intervals used to produce perception of apparent motion, interstimulus intervals generated by a computer were measured using physical and psychophysical procedures. Calibration of such devices was assumed initially to be routine but search of the literature indicated that calibration has been ignored in studies of motion and masking. Direct/physical methods of calibration proved unfeasible for assessing the accuracy of a computer programmed through "poke" procedures because signals for temporal intervals could not be differentiated from the output controlled by the machine's "hardwired" program. The results of psychophysical measurement of temporal intervals indicated that, on the average, differences, "constant errors" between expected/programmed intervals and matches of those intervals generally were less than six milliseconds. 相似文献
102.
103.
Tests of the generalized slowing hypothesis have demonstrated the strong predictive power of tests of perceptual comparison
speed in accounting for age differences across a range of cognitive domains. The goals of this study were to determine whether
short-term memory (STM) and perceptual demands contribute to age differences on two commonly used tests of perceptual comparison
speed, the letter and pattern comparison tests, and to test whether these task components account for unique variance in predicting
age differences in working memory and reasoning. Results showed that, after controlling for visual contrast sensitivity and
a general slowing factor, age differences increased with increases in both STM load and perceptual degradation. Only STM load,
however, accounted for a significant portion of the relationship of age with higher level cognition. We concluded that perceptual
comparison tests are dependent on multiple age-sensitive abilities, not all of which are related to age differences in higher
level cognition. 相似文献
104.
This paper compares perceptions of problems for women and men in the fields of science, math, and engineering among undergraduate
engineering students surveyed at a mid-Atlantic American university over a period of 5 years. Gender differences in these
perceptions are analyzed, as are changes in these perceptions over the course of the undergraduate years. Undergraduate exposure
to female role models in these fields has little impact on these perceptions, but exposure to professional engineering experiences
reduces the seriousness with which some problems are perceived, especially by women. While perceived problems do not seem
to be related to engineering self-confidence, they are related to men’s satisfaction with engineering, and to women’s intentions
to persist in the engineering field after graduation. 相似文献
105.
'Mental boundaries' is a traditional concept in psychology, although attempts to conceptualize and measure such boundaries empirically have only recently been pursued. Two major efforts in this respect are Hartmann's Boundary Questionnaire and the Revised Transliminality Scale of Lange, Thalbourne, Houran, and Storm. We administered both along with the Briggs-Nebes Handedness Scale to a convenience sample of 268 participants to assess the convergent validity of the two boundary measures and to replicate previous evidence that the boundary construct involves body boundaries as well, such as a tendency toward mixed-handedness. As predicted, scores on the Revised Transliminality Scale correlated .66 positively with total scores on the Boundary Questionnaire, but neither measure was associated with the handedness scale. Each of the 12 domains of the Boundary Questionnaire correlated significantly with total scores on the Transliminality Scale, yet only five domains contributed significantly to the prediction of variance in transliminality scores in a standard multiple regression analysis. Analysis suggests that transliminality is related to specific domains of the Boundary Questionnaire, and we hypothesize that the other domains of the Boundary Questionnaire represent higher levels of the boundary construct than what is measured by the Revised Transliminality Scale. This idea is discussed within the context of Werner's 1948 theory of syncretic versus symbolic cognition. 相似文献
106.
Three experiments tested whether the relationship between age differences in temporal and item memory depends on the degree to which the item memory measure relies on memory for context. The authors predicted a stronger relationship of temporal memory to free recall than to recognition memory. Results showed that age differences in temporal memory could be eliminated after controlling for free recall but not recognition memory performance. Under some conditions recognition memory accounted for a significant portion of age-related variance in temporal memory. These results challenge past research that has interpreted age differences in temporal and item memory as independent and suggest that a generalized decline in context memory may underlie reduced performance in older adults on all types of memory tests. 相似文献
107.
Two experiments examined the role of cognitive inflexibility and reduced working memory in age-related declines on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Both standard scoring procedures and newly developed scores were used to measure each construct, and modifications of the test further evaluated the role of working memory. Results indicated that age differences are not due to cognitive inflexibility but that for a subset of older adults errors are associated with a reduction in the amount of information that can be stored or processed in working memory. These age differences disappear, however, when visual cues provide information about the immediately preceding sort. The authors conclude by proposing a decline in updating working memory as the explanation that can best account for the entire pattern of age differences on this test. 相似文献
108.
Abstract This study is based on a statistical analysis of 240 client records. The task of the study was to determine the variables inherent to women with diagnosed sexual problems. Data were secured for 93 variables in four classifications—sociological, sexological, psychological, and counseling. Frequency distributions revealed sociological characteristics which were representative of young, middle-class, well-educated women, except for a greater incidence of divorce and separation. Typical sexual experiences included extramarital relationships, oral and anal intercourse, masturbation, and childhood sexual contacts with adult males who were either a member or friend of the family. Compared to other reports of sexual experience, clients showed greater frequencies of intercourse, homosexual and extramarital experience, and childhood sexual contacts with adult males, but less frequency of orgasm. In addition, mean T-scores were moderately elevated (60–69) for eight of 13 MMPI scales. 相似文献
109.
Stephen Hartman 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(2):237-247
Jade McGleughlin’s textured paper frames writing enactments that help describe breaches in narrative consequent to trauma. I work from my own understanding of enactment as a particular reader of McGleughlin’s fieldwork: moving from ceramics to photography to Bionian Field Theory to ethnography to Betty Woodman to Gadamer’s player/played distinction to call attention to the anticipatory processes involved in reading and in reading enactments—by which I mean the enacted dimensions of the act of reading that pertain to the experience of reading about enactments. 相似文献
110.