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971.
Religion can provide a powerful meaning-making framework that promotes adaptive processing of potentially traumatic events. However, spiritual strain or distress might be associated with maladaptive perceptions of the meaning of possible traumas. These theoretical propositions have yet to be tested in the empirical literature (to our knowledge). This study examined associations between adaptive and maladaptive religious factors – labelled “seeking religious support” and “spiritual distress” and cognitive processing of trauma in a sample of 90 Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans recently returned from deployments. Results indicated that seeking religious support was positively, and spiritual distress was negatively, associated with adaptive processing but neither were linked with maladaptive meanings of trauma in the presence of known covariates (posttraumatic stress, depression, combat exposure, and social support). These findings demonstrate that religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours may affect how trauma is adaptively processed in the months following war-zone deployments. 相似文献
972.
Meg Harris Williams 《Psychodynamic Practice》2017,23(2):120-132
Kafka read Freud and was interested in psychoanalysis but believed there was no ‘cure’ for what was essentially the problem of living. As always with creative artists, the writer is his own psychoanalyst, and the actual process of writing is his means of self-revelation. The aim of this paper is to consider, in relation to two stories (The Metamorphosis and A Country Doctor), Kafka’s use of this background oedipal conflict with his father or received values (the ‘law’) as a springboard for the type of wound that results in creative writing. The wound for him became a kind of personal myth, and was also associated with other painful stimuli, including his tuberculosis and his troubled love affairs, but above all with his identity as a writer. The writing process and the ‘faith-value’ it demands is an underlying metaphor behind these narratives of Kafka’s ‘dream-like inner life’. There are parallels here with Bion’s psychoanalytic philosophy of ‘suffering’ and ‘psyche-lodgement’. 相似文献
973.
The authors examined the relationship between the direction of pay comparisons and pay level satisfaction. They hypothesized that upward pay comparisons would significantly predict pay level satisfaction, even when controlling for other comparisons. Results reported in 2 samples (U.S. sample, N = 295; Belgian sample, N = 67) generally supported this hypothesis. Analyses showed that individuals who were paid much less than their upward pay comparison were dissatisfied with their pay level. The highest levels of pay level satisfaction were observed when actual pay was congruent with the upward comparison pay level. There was also evidence that individuals who were paid much more than their upward pay comparison were dissatisfied with their pay level. However, the negative effects of overreward on pay satisfaction were considerably smaller than were those of underreward. 相似文献
974.
Sion Kim Harris John Kulig Lydia A. Shrier John R. Knight 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(4):438-457
Background Developed for use in health research, the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) consists of
brief measures of a broad range of religiousness and spirituality (R/S) dimensions. It has established psychometric properties
among adults, but little is known about its appropriateness for use with adolescents. Purpose We assessed the psychometric properties of the BMMRS among adolescents. Method We recruited a racially diverse (85% non-White) sample of 305 adolescents aged 12–18 years (median 16 yrs, IQR 14–17) from
3 urban medical clinics; 93 completed a retest 1 week later. We assessed internal consistency and test–retest reliability.
We assessed construct validity by examining how well the measures discriminated groups expected to differ based on self-reported
religious preference, and how they related to a hypothesized correlate, depressive symptoms. Religious preference was categorized
into “No religion/Atheist” (11%), “Don’t know/Confused” (9%), or “Named a religion” (80%). Results Responses to multi-item measures were generally internally consistent (alpha ≥0.70 for 12/16 measures) and stable over 1 week
(intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.70 for 14/16). Forgiveness, Negative R/S Coping, and Commitment items showed lower
internal cohesiveness. Scores on most measures were higher (p < 0.05) among those who “Named a religion” compared to the “No religion/Atheist” group. Forgiveness, Commitment, and Anticipated
Support from members of one’s congregation were inversely correlated with depressive symptoms, while BMMRS measures assessing
negative R/S experiences (Negative R/S Coping, Negative Interactions with others in congregation, Loss in Faith) were positively
correlated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions These findings suggest that most BMMRS measures are reliable and valid for use among adolescents.
相似文献
Sion Kim HarrisEmail: |
975.
Harris JA Livesey EJ 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2008,34(1):144-154
In two experiments, human participants performed a causal judgment task that simultaneously comprised two reciprocal patterning discriminations and a biconditional discrimination. They learned both patterning discriminations more quickly than the biconditional discrimination. Postdiscrimination tests were used to identify participants who had, or had not, learned to apply the patterning rules, as well as participants who continued to expect summation when presented with two cues that predicted the same outcome. All groups were faster to learn the patterning than the biconditional discriminations. These results are inconsistent with models of stimulus representation that invoke configural representations (e.g., Pearce, 1987, 1994; Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) because these models solve biconditional discriminations more readily than patterning discriminations. 相似文献
976.
Harris JA Livesey EJ Gharaei S Westbrook RF 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2008,34(4):494-500
Two groups of rats were trained for 50 days on different discriminations in a magazine approach paradigm. One group was trained with a negative patterning schedule and a positive patterning schedule concurrently: they received intermixed trials of A+, B+, AB-, C-, D-, CD+ (A, B, C, and D are four distinct stimuli; the plus sign denotes reinforcement with food, and the minus sign denotes nonreinforcement). The second group of rats was trained with the same four stimuli arranged as compounds and reinforced according to the biconditional schedule AB+, CD+, AC-, and BD-. The first group learned the positive patterning schedule much more quickly than the negative patterning schedule, but they learned the negative patterning schedule more effectively than the second group learned the biconditional schedule. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for models of stimulus representation. 相似文献
977.
Two studies were conducted to determine if playing a video game that emphasized the body would increase negative body-image. Both studies [study 1 (N?=?51); college-aged males from the Midwestern USA; and study 2 (N?=?32); college-aged females from the Midwestern USA] had participants complete body image measures, play a video game that displayed muscular or thin characters for 15 min, and then complete post-game body image measures. Results showed that participants in both studies had significantly lower body esteem after video game play. Further, these findings were independent of the time spent playing video games and body mass index. This suggests that video games have a negative influence on the body-image of players. 相似文献
978.
Harris RS 《The American psychologist》2008,63(4):275-6; discussion 277-9
979.
Paul Harvey Kenneth J. Harris Mark J. Martinko 《Journal of business and psychology》2008,22(4):333-343
To better understand the influence of causal perceptions on turnover intentions, this study investigates the influence of
hostile attribution styles on job satisfaction, stress, and turnover intent. A theoretical model is developed in which satisfaction
and stress are predicted to mediate the relationship between hostile attributions and turnover intentions. Results of hierarchical
regression and path analysis partially supported the hypothesized model, suggesting that hostile attribution styles are an
important predictor of job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The predicted relationship between hostile attribution style
and stress was not supported. 相似文献
980.
Vanessa Harrar Rebecca Winter Laurence R. Harris 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2008,70(5):807-817
This article compares the properties of apparent motion between a light and a touch with apparent motion between either two lights or two touches. Visual and tactile stimulators were attached to the tips of the two index fingers that were held apart at different distances. Subjects rated the quality of apparent motion between each stimulus combination for a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Subjects reported perceiving apparent motion between all three stimulus combinations. For light—light visual apparent motion, the preferred SOA and the direction threshold SOAs increased as the distance between the stimuli increased (consistent with Korte’s third law of apparent motion). Touch—touch apparent motion also obeyed Korte’s third law, but over a smaller range of distances, showing that proprioceptive information concerning the position of the fingers is integrated into the tactile motion system. The threshold and preferred SOAs for visuotactile apparent motion did not vary with distance, suggesting a different mechanism for multimodal apparent motion. 相似文献