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131.
132.
Consistency in paired comparison data is defined. Two types of inconsistency which may arise are defined. Computational formulas for these types of inconsistency are derived, and examples illustrating the use of these formulas are presented.These ideas were developed while the first author was on the staff of the Research Center for Human Relations. The work was made possible by the ONR contract NONR 285(10). The authors are indebted to Jack Moshman for his helpful critical suggestions. The United States Government is authorized to reprint this article in whole or in part. 相似文献
133.
Harold Gulliksen 《Psychometrika》1942,7(3):171-194
Several sets of learning data furnished by I. Krechevsky have been analyzed in terms of meaningful parameters of the learning curve, and the changes in the frequency distributions of these parameters with changes in the experimental conditions have been studied. One of the parameters represents the animal's initial preference for the light or dark, the other represents learning ability. The analysis shows that destruction of about ten or fifteen per cent. of the cortex, increases the animal's preference for the light and decreases the learning ability slightly. By ordinary methods of analysis, it is not possible to discover thatboth initial preference and learning ability have been changed by any given factor.The author wishes to acknowledge financial assistance from the Social Science Research Committee of the University of Chicago in the completion of this study. 相似文献
134.
Harold Webster 《Psychometrika》1956,21(2):153-164
The exact condition for discardingk items from a test in order to obtain a residual test with higher validity is derived. A proof that validity always increases is given for the casek=1. The lack of uniqueness of maximum validity when achieved by use of the condition is discussed. With the use of additional restrictions on items to be included in the initial test, a practical test construction procedure which has several advantages over previous methods is developed. The homogeneity of tests constructed by the method is discussed, and applications are given. 相似文献
135.
136.
A rational theory of discrimination learning is developed for the special case in which the subject must discriminate between two stimuli which differ with respect to one variable such as size or brightness. It is shown that the previous equations developed by Gulliksen and Thurstone are special cases of the present one. It is predicted that the ultimate level of accuracy of the discrimination is inversely related to the difference, as determined psychophysically, between the two stimuli. Other implications of the theory for experimental work are presented.We are grateful to the members of Professor Thurstone's Seminar in Mathematical Psychology for criticism of this paper and particularly to Mr. John Reiner for assistance in the derivations involved. 相似文献
137.
Harold Weiner 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1964,7(4):333-335
This study examined the effects of response-produced cost upon human observer responses during extinction following FI reinforcement. Relative to a no-cost condition, cost produced marked and rapid response attenuation. 相似文献
138.
139.
We integrate social learning theory into Grasmick’s extended model of deterrence to propose that rational actors, in their decision of workplace deviance, consider not only possible costs of noncompliance but possible rewards of compliance. A review of the literature on cultural differences between Japan and the United States leads to the hypotheses that although perceived costs of noncompliance and rewards of compliance operate as deterrents across the two cultures, the deterrent effects of the costs and rewards are stronger and weaker, respectively, in Japan than the U.S. Analysis of survey data from hospital employees provides mixed support for our arguments. 相似文献
140.
Harold Pashler Doug Rohrer Ian Abramson Tanya Wolfson Christine R. Harris 《Basic and applied social psychology》2016,38(1):3-18
A recent paper by Chatterjee, Rose, and Sinha (2013) reported impressively large “money priming” effects: incidental exposure to concepts relating to cash or credit cards made participants much less generous with their time and money (after cash primes) or much more generous (after credit card primes ). Primes also altered participants’ choices in a word-stem completion task. To explore these effects, we carried out re-analyses of the raw data. A number of strange oddities were brought to light, including a dramatic similarity of the filler word-stem completion responses produced by the 20 subjects who contributed most to the priming effects. We suggest that these oddities undermine the credibility of the paper and require further investigation. 相似文献