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811.
Kelly Manley Belva C. Collins Donald M. Stenhoff Harold Kleinert 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2008,17(3):221-236
Using the telephone to contact others can be an important skill in maintaining friendships with peers. This investigation
used a system of least prompts (SLP) procedures to teach two telephone skills to 3 elementary students with cognitive disabilities:
(a) placing phone calls and (b) leaving recorded voicemail messages. The SLP procedure was effective in teaching both skills
to all 3 students. Results for maintenance and generalization, however, were mixed.
This investigation was completed to partially satisfy the thesis requirement for a Master’s degree at the University of Kentucky. 相似文献
812.
Harriëtte Riese Frühling V. Rijsdijk Judith G. M. Rosmalen Harold Snieder Johan Ormel 《Journal of personality》2009,77(5):1561-1576
ABSTRACT Neuroticism is widely used as an explanatory concept in etiological research of psychopathology. To clarify what neuroticism actually represents, we investigated the phenotypic and genetic relationship between neuroticism and the morning cortisol secretion. In the current classic twin study, 125 female twin pairs (74 monozygotic and 51 dizygotic pairs) participated. For each participant, 4 different neuroticism scores were available to calculate a neuroticism composite score that was used in the statistical analyses. The morning cortisol secretion was assessed by 4 salivary samples in the 1st hour after awakening. Significant genetic influences for the neuroticism composite score (55%), and each of the 4 cortisol samples (52%–69%) were found. There was no phenotypic or genotypic relationship between neuroticism and morning cortisol secretion. Although neuroticism and cortisol were both heritable traits, they did not share any genetic influences. 相似文献
813.
The idea that observing an action triggers an automatic and obligatory activation of an imitative action in the motor system
of the observer has recently been questioned by studies examining complementary actions. Instead of a tendency for imitation,
cooperative settings may facilitate the execution of dissimilar actions, resulting in a relative disadvantage for imitative
actions. The present study aimed at clarifying the contribution of associative learning and interference of task representations
to the reversal of congruency effects. To distinguish between the two, an experiment was designed, in which we increased the
effects of associative learning and minimized the effects of task interference. Participants completed a series of imitation
and complementary action runs, in which they continuously imitated or complemented the actions of a virtual co-actor. Each
run was alternated with a test run showing the same actions but including color-cues, and the participants were instructed
to respond to color instead of the actor’s posture. Reaction times to test runs showed no reversal of facilitation effects
between the imitation and complementary action conditions. This result strongly argues that associative learning cannot adequately
account for reversed facilitation effects. Our study provides additional support for action–perception models that allow flexible
selection of action–perception coupling and challenges the existing models purely based on stimulus–response associations.
相似文献
Edita PoljacEmail: |
814.
815.
ABSTRACT— Human visual perception is sometimes ambiguous, switching between different perceptual structures, and shifts of attention sometimes favor one perceptual structure over another. It has been proposed that, in figure-ground segmentation, attention to certain regions tends to cause those regions to be perceived as closer to the observer. Here, we show that this attention effect can be reversed under certain conditions. To account for these phenomena, we propose an alternative principle: The visual system chooses the interpretation that maximizes simplicity of the attended regions. 相似文献
816.
817.
Fatigue estimation using voice analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Greeley HP Berg J Friets E Wilson J Greenough G Picone J Whitmore J Nesthus T 《Behavior research methods》2007,39(3):610-619
In the present article, we present a means to remotely and transparently estimate an individual's level of fatigue by quantifying changes in his or her voice characteristics. Using Voice analysis to estimate fatigue is unique from established cognitive measures in a number of ways: (1) speaking is a natural activity requiring no initial training or learning curve, (2) voice recording is a unobtrusive operation allowing the speakers to go about their normal work activities, (3) using telecommunication infrastructure (radio, telephone, etc.) a diffuse set of remote populations can be monitored at a central location, and (4) often, previously recorded voice data are available for post hoc analysis. By quantifying changes in the mathematical coefficients that describe the human speech production process, we were able to demonstrate that for speech sounds requiring a large average air flow, a speaker's voice changes in synchrony with both direct measures of fatigue and with changes predicted by the length of time awake. 相似文献
818.
Harold Langsam 《Metaphilosophy》2001,32(4):395-418
Dualists need to change their argumentative strategies if they wish to make a plausible case for dualism. In particular, dualists should not merely react and respond to physicalist views and arguments; they need to develop their own positive agenda. But neither should they focus their energies on constructing a priori arguments for dualism. Rather, dualists should acknowledge that what supports their view that consciousness exists and is a nonphysical phenomenon is observation, not argumentation. What is needed is a positive account of the nature of consciousness and the indispensable role that it plays in our lives, for it is only by showing the explanatory utility of the nonphysical that dualists can begin to discredit those who would deny its existence. In this paper, I try to give some idea of what such a positive theory of consciousness would look like. In particular, I argue for a theory of consciousness that contains a priori synthetic truths about the ontological nature and causal powers of consciousness. 相似文献
819.
Philosophical Studies - 相似文献
820.
Harold B. Robb III 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2001,19(3):153-161
When possible, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) has always aimed for thorough-going philosophic change. It instructs people to transform their fundamental approach to life and shows them how to become (1) less prone to disturbance and (2) active seekers of that which, for them, constitutes the zoom of living. Rather than spend time telling people the meaning of life, REBT shows them how they may more frequently, more intensely and for longer periods of time have the experience of full and deep living. By doing so, REBT can well be seen as a source of spiritual transformation. 相似文献