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221.
Harald Bauder 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2001,2(3):315-341
Although employment of young immigrants is a concern for policy-makers and an expectation of Canadian society, we know relatively little about the labour market performance of young immigrants. A series of logistic regression analyses of a sample of 492,048 youths from the 1996 Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) examines the influence of ethnicity and metropolitan context on the employment probabilities of immigrant and Canadian-born youths between the ages of 15 and 18. The article interprets the results in the light of the existing literature and discusses policy implications. 相似文献
222.
Measuring emotional management abilities: Further evidence of the importance to distinguish between typical and maximum performance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Harald Freudenthaler Aljoscha C. Neubauer 《Personality and individual differences》2007,42(8):1561-1572
Freudenthaler and Neubauer (2005) have recently developed and validated performance measures of emotional management abilities (EMA), requiring subjects to indicate their typical behaviour in emotional situations (typical-performance instruction, TP) instead of assessing the effectiveness of different behavioural alternatives or indicating the most adequate response (maximum-performance instruction, MP). In the present study (n = 176), we examined the effects of these two instruction forms (TP vs. MP) on the EMA-scores in a between-subject design. In addition, the relations of typical and maximum EMA to cognitive intelligence components and personality traits were tested. Instruction-related comparisons of the EMA-scores yielded not only lower means but also higher standard deviations and higher reliabilities in the TP-condition. As expected, maximum EMA were significantly correlated with cognitive intelligence components but not with personality traits. In contrast, the typical EMA were moderately associated with personality traits but not related to cognitive abilities, providing further evidence of the importance to distinguish between typical and maximum performance. 相似文献
223.
224.
Previous research using a thought suppression paradigm found that repressors are more skilled in suppressing anxious autobiographical thoughts than low anxious, high anxious, and defensive high anxious people. Another line of research showed that individual differences in working memory capacity are related to the ability to intentionally suppress intrusive thoughts. This study aimed at combining these findings and sought to investigate whether repressors' superior ability to suppress intrusive thoughts is related to a larger working memory capacity. Results indicate that in a thought suppression paradigm, repressors report fewer intrusive thoughts for their most anxious experiences than participants in the 3 other subgroups. Furthermore, the superior ability of repressors to avoid intrusive thoughts can be explained largely by their higher working memory capacity. 相似文献
225.
Chronic oral methylphenidate administration to periadolescent rats yields prolonged impairment of memory for objects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Methylphenidate (MPD) is widely prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit disorders in children and has generally been thought to be free of significant side effects when administered at recommended therapeutic doses. However, recent behavioral research with laboratory rodents has indicated that, like other psychostimulants with which it shares neurotransmitter-modulating properties, chronically administered MPD can bring about lasting and potentially detrimental alterations in brain function. Some of these may involve changes in the neuromodulatory input from noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems that project to the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, regions with significant roles in several cognitive functions, including those critical to memory formation. To investigate the possibility of cognitive impairment, the effects of a regimen of chronic MPD on the performance of an object recognition task known to rely on the integrity of systems involved in rodent memory was assessed. The drug, at doses of 2, 3 or 5mg/kg, was delivered twice daily to periadolescent rats via an oral administration technique on either 11 or 21 treatment days. Subsequent to this period, the animals were subjected to an object recognition test at 14, 28, and 42 days after their last MPD treatment. In each of these tests, exploration time for two objects, one novel and one previously encountered (3h earlier), was assessed. Longer exploration of the novel object was considered evidence of retained memory for the familiar object. It was found that rats exposed to 3 or 5mg/kg (b.i.d.) on 21 occasions exhibited no significant preference for exploration of the novel object at any of the three post-treatment intervals. This finding was interpreted as evidence of a persisting MPD-induced impairment of recognition memory in these animals. 相似文献
226.
227.
Henry Otgaar Ingrid Candel Harald Merckelbach Kimberley A. Wade 《Applied cognitive psychology》2009,23(1):115-125
This study examined whether prevalence information promotes children's false memories for an implausible event. Forty‐four 7–8 and forty‐seven 11–12 year old children heard a true narrative about their first school day and a false narrative about either an implausible event (abducted by a UFO) or a plausible event (almost choking on a candy). Moreover, half of the children in each condition received prevalence information in the form of a false newspaper article while listening to the narratives. Across two interviews, children were asked to report everything they remembered about the events. In both age groups, plausible and implausible events were equally likely to give rise to false memories. Prevalence information increased the number of false memories in 7–8 year olds, but not in 11–12 year olds at Interview 1. Our findings demonstrate that young children can easily develop false memories of a highly implausible event. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
228.
Dipl.-Psych. Steffi Kohl Sven Barnow Elmar Brähler Jörg M. Fegert Steffen Fliegel Harald J. Freyberger Heide Glaesmer Lutz Goldbeck Judith Lebiger-Vogel Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber Felicitas Michels-Lucht Astrid Sonntag Nina Spröber Ulrike Willutzki Bernhard Strauß 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(6):445-456
Background
A survey was carried out to ask the trainers and supervisors about their appraisal of the quality of the psychotherapy training and about ways to improve it 10 years after the inception of the “German psychotherapy law”.Methods
Training institutes provided e-mail addresses and other contact information from over 5,000 trainers. The questioning was carried out mainly by on-line questionnaires and 2,196 data sets were used for analysis.Results
Trainers showed overall satisfaction with the components of psychotherapy training and the skills of the training candidates. More knowledge transfer in the fields of therapy techniques and case studies and more cooperation with other professional groups were suggested. Trainers acknowledged redundancies between professional training and university studies and observed a heterogeneity of trainees, however, these were mostly considered helpful. Only half of the trainers were subject to evaluation of their work.Conclusions
The quality of psychotherapy training could be improved by stronger emphasis on practical knowledge. Structural changes should be made to take the problem of redundancies and heterogeneities into account. Regular and continuous evaluation of the training should become an integral part of professional training and the results should have consequences. 相似文献229.
Das Schlagwort vom mündigen Patienten macht derzeit die Runde in allen gesundheitspolitischen Diskussionen. Dabei ist nicht
ganz klar, ob es sich um ein Einfordern von Patientenrechten auf Information und Mitgestaltung des therapeutischen Prozesses
– sowohl auf der individuellen als auch auf der gesellschaftlichen Ebene (Mitspracherecht von Patientenvertretern bei der
Planung von gesundheitspolitischen Ma?nahmen, Finanzierung von Therapieprogrammen etc.) – oder eher um das Abschieben von
therapeutischer Verantwortung mit dem Hintergedanken, dass sich der Patient ja aussuchen k?nne, für welche Behandlungsmethode
er sich entschlie?e, wie intensiv er mitarbeite und wie eigenverantwortlich er therapeutische Empfehlungen umsetze, handelt. 相似文献
230.
Timo Thünken Nadine Waltschyk Theo C. M. Bakker Harald Kullmann 《Animal cognition》2009,12(5):717-724
Animal self-cognizance might be of importance in different contexts like territoriality, self-referent mate-choice or kin
recognition. We investigated whether the cichlid fish Pelvicachromis taeniatus is able to recognize own olfactory cues. P. taeniatus is a cave breeding fish with pronounced brood care and social behavior. In the experiments we gave male cave owners the choice
between two caves in which we introduced scented water. In a first experiment males preferred caves with their own odor over
caves with the odor of an unfamiliar, unrelated male. To examine whether self-recognition is based rather on individual or
on family cues we conducted two further experiments in which males could choose between their own odor and the odor of a familiar
brother and between the odor of a familiar brother and an unfamiliar, unrelated male, respectively. Males preferred their
own odor over that of a familiar brother suggesting individual self-referencing. Interestingly, males (at least outbred ones)
preferred the odor of an unfamiliar, unrelated male over that of a familiar brother, maybe to avoid competition with kin.
We discuss the results in the context of animal self-cognizance. All experiments were conducted with in- and outbred fish.
Inbreeding did not negatively affect self-recognition. 相似文献