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811.
Diana Cárdenas Nima Orazani Farah Manueli Jessica L. Donaldson Mark Stevens Tegan Cruwys Michael J. Platow James O’Donnell Michael G. Zekulin Israr Qureshi Iain Walker Katherine J. Reynolds 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(7):e12759
COVID-19 vaccination is widely regarded as an individual decision, resting upon individual characteristics and demographic factors. In this research, we provide evidence that psychological group membership, and more precisely, social cohesion—a multidimensional concept that encompasses one's sense of connectedness to, and interrelations within, a group—can help us understand COVID-19 vaccination intentions (Study 1) and uptake (Study 2). Study 1 is a repeated-measures study with a representative sample of 3026 Australians. We found evidence that social cohesion can be conceptualised as a multidimensional structure; moreover, social cohesion at Wave 1 (early in the COVID-19) predicted greater vaccination intention and lower perceived risk of vaccination at Wave 2 (4 months later). In Study 2 (a cross-sectional study, N = 499), the multidimensional structure of social cohesion was associated with greater uptake of vaccine doses (in addition to willingness to receive further doses and perceived risk of the vaccine). These relations were found after controlling for a series of demographic (i.e., sex, age, income), health-related factors (i.e., subjective health; perceived risk; having been diagnosed with COVID-19), and individual differences (political orientation, social dominance orientation, individualism). These results demonstrate the need to go beyond individual factors when it comes to behaviours that protect groups, and particularly when examining COVID-19 vaccination—one of the most important ways of slowing the spread of the virus. 相似文献
812.
Communication of criticism between groups is important to productive societal discourse, but may serve to inflame conflict. The defensive rejection of intergroup, relative to intragroup, criticism (intergroup sensitivity effect [ISE]) may contribute to such divides. The ISE has been observed in self-report measures, but such measures are weak and biased predictors of actual (divisive) behavior. We review recent research demonstrating that the ISE does have costly behavioral consequences. We next consider the debate concerning whether the ISE reflects defense of a valued social identity or enforcement of a conversational norm. We therefore review recent evidence for an ISE among individuals lacking identification with the target of the criticism. Third, we examine how the ISE may affect a variety of behaviors relevant to societal divisions, including political reconciliation, environmental sustainability, and vaccination. Lastly, we outline future research that can clarify the underlying mechanisms of the ISE and promote conciliatory intergroup behavior. 相似文献
813.
Benedict C. Jones Alex L. Jones Victor Shiramizu 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(2):498-500
Sutherland and Young (Br. J. Psychol., 113, 2022, 1056) provide a comprehensive and timely overview of recent developments in research on social judgements of faces, emphasizing the utility of data-driven approaches. Here, we expand on this theme, focusing on how data-driven approaches can provide new insights into the physical characteristics in face images that best predict social judgements. 相似文献
814.
815.
Death concern: measurement and correlates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L S Dickstein 《Psychological reports》1972,30(2):563-571
816.
L J Eaves 《Psychological bulletin》1972,77(2):144-152
817.
David S. Emmerich James L. Gray Charles S. Watson David C. Tanis 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1972,11(1):65-72
Response latencies were obtained from 10 Ss in auditory signal-detection experiments. The response latencies were inversely related to certainty that a signal was (or was not) presented. The S’s decision criterion was found to have an influence on response latency, which was consistent with the hypothesis that stimuli close to the current criterion elicit longer response latencies than stimuli more distant from the criterion. Comparisons among receiver operating characteristics derived from binary decisions, from the latencies of binary decisions, and from confidence ratings show that response latencies and binary decisions together yield more information about the stimulus than does the binary decision alone. However, the increment in information gained from the measurement of response latencies is in general (though not for every S) smaller than that gained by shifting from yes-no responses to a confidence-rating procedure. 相似文献
818.
In a recent experiment on tonal masking, Macmillan (1971) reported that recognition of increments and decrements improves relative to detection performance as signal duration is increased. It is suggested that this result is largely artifactual, inasmuch as Macmillan’s Os undoubtedly detected brief-duration signals by virtue of energy splatter produced by gating the signal on and off rectangularly. Since energy splatter produced by an increment is identical to that produced by a decrement, Os listening off frequency could not have possibly distinguished a brief increment from a decrement. 相似文献
819.
In order to investigate the effect of memory load on reaction time (RT), choice RT trials were embedded in a binary character classification task using the varied set procedure. Twelve Ss performed in experimental blocks, as well as in control blocks consisting of character classification trials only. In experimental blocks, every trial began as a classification trial with the presentation of a new positive set. On a random half of these trials, however, a choice RT stimulus was presented instead of a probe letter and S simply made the indicated response. Results indicated that memory load had no effect on the choice RT trials. Embedding choice RT trials in the classification task affected the intercept (but not the slope) of the function relating classification RT to memory load. This result implies that the increase in latency usually obtained in classification experiments is entirely due to an increase in the duration of the memory searching stage of processing. 相似文献
820.
L. R. Newsome 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1972,12(3):300-304
Measurements of apparent size were obtained by distance adjustment of a peripherally viewed stimulus to produce a match to a foveally viewed standard. As eccentricity increased, the peripheral stimulus was adjusted at distances of progressively greater visual angle, indicating that a continuous diminution in apparent size occurs with increased eccentricity. This effect was found to be stable for several conditions of illumination and for changes in the light adaptive state of S. Apparent size diminution and apparent distance increase were also found for familiar objects viewed in an open field. 相似文献