临床诊断中现象与本质的辩证思维

在临床诊断中,疾病的症状、体征往往表现在外,成为现象。疾病本身及其病因,往往深藏于内,成为本质,二者是对立的,需要医师的认真分析、判断,才能辨别清楚。同时,二者又是统一的,要求医师研究大量的症状、体征,透过症状、体征发现准确的疾病及其病因。临床医师只有有效地把握住疾病性质及其病因,才能保证治疗的成功。在临床诊断中,症状、体征与疾病及其病因的关系,有的比较简单,分辨起来困难不大。有的比较复杂,分辨起来稍觉吃力,有的却峰回路转,一种疾病或病因在不同情况下表现出不同的症状,扑朔迷离,令人难以捉摸。疾病的轻重程度不同,有的…     

What worries first-year students? Psychometric properties of the Student Worry Scale

The transition to university can be stressful for first-year university students. Despite the fact where the feeling of worry is a shared symptom by various mental health issues, there is a lack of studies that investigate into this matter. As worry is a domain-specific construct, there is a need for a valid and reliable measure of worry specifically for university students. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Student Worry Scale (SWS), particularly in terms of its validity and reliability. For this purpose, the current study recruited a sample of 295 first-year students to evaluate the psychometric properties of SWS. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor structure of SWS, which explained 55.7% of the total variance. The yielded five factors were general worries, financial-related concerns, significant other’s well-being, academic concerns, and social adequacy concerns. Inter-correlations between the five factors were all significant (r ranged between 0.395 and 0.625). The SWS demonstrated good internal consistency in this study (Cronbach’s alpha ranged between 0.786 and 0.941). Overall, the SWS is psychometrically evidenced to be a reliable and valid content-based worry measure specifically for university students.     

潘菽心理学思想的当代启示

潘菽对心理学的研究对象、心理学的学科性质、心理学的研究方法、心理学的理论研究与应用研究的关系等问题进行了系统、深刻的分析,为人们正确地进行心理学研究提供了重要的理论启示;他对心理学未来发展的预测,揭示了心理学与社会发展之间的关系,对心理学研究者也是一种莫大的鼓励。文章对这些问题进行了较为详细的分析。     

侵袭性垂体腺瘤的个性化治疗

垂体腺瘤是颅内常见的良性肿瘤,但部分垂体腺瘤却呈现恶性生物学行为,呈侵袭性生长,导致手术全切困难,或是虽然手术切除满意,但却存在较高的复发率,使得临床治疗效果不满意。基于此,Jefferson1940年提出侵袭性垂体腺瘤的概念,随后人们对其诊断和治疗进行了深入系统的研究,取得了明显进展,特别是近年来有人提出垂体腺瘤的个性化治疗,使得侵袭性垂体腺瘤的治疗效果大为改观。     

全面理解马克思主义的宗教政策（三）

马克思和恩格斯创立的马克思主义宗教观．包括宗教理论和宗教政策两部分．是中国共产党正确认识和处理宗教问题的思想基础。马克思主义的宗教政策．是马克思和恩格斯根据人类历史发展规律和马克思主义的宗教理论制定的服务于无产阶级和全人类解放事业的专项政策体系,其直接的理论支点是无产阶级的宗教人权观。其根本内容包括彻底实行宗教信仰自由政策和坚持进行唯物主义和无神论宣传教育两个方面．既反对用行政手段取缔和限制宗教信仰自由的极左路线．又反对放弃唯物主义和无神论宣传教育的右倾机会主义。全面理解马克思义义的宗教政策．对于深入理解中国特色社会主义宗教理论．坚持中国共产党对待宗教问题的科学原则．具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

关于加强无神论研究宣传教育的思考和建议

按照科学社会主义的基本原则,国家要实行宗教信仰自由政策,共产党要坚持进行无神论宣传教育,这两者相辅相成,缺一不可。开展无神论宣传教育,主要靠宣传部门和教育部门,要设立专门的研究机构,出版相应的书刊。科学无神论的核心是马克思主义宗教观,应该让它进入中学和大学的教科书。     

High-temperature creep associated with the climb of extended dislocations subjected to chemical stresses

The effect of chemical stresses upon the relation between extended dislocations and high-temperature creep in a thin plate has been investigated. The critical stress needed for the contraction of extended jogs and its effect on the creep rate are obtained. The results indicate that the critical stress needed for the contraction increases with decreasing stacking fault energy (SFE). However, creep occurs more easily with increasing SFE and increasing angle of the Burgers vector to the dislocation line, as well as with the concentration of any diffusing atoms.     

Theories of job stress and the role of traditional values: a longitudinal study in China

This study examines how traditionality influences the relationships between job stressors and health. A sample of 496 Chinese employees provided longitudinal questionnaire data, and their health was assessed by collecting blood samples and monitoring blood pressure. The results indicated that the positive relationship between job control and health was stronger among the less traditional workers, whereas the positive relationship between distributive justice and health was stronger among the more traditional workers. Furthermore, traditionality moderated the interactive effects of job demands and perceived control/justice on health. Perceiving higher control mitigated the effects of job demands on upper respiratory infections among low traditionalists, but it exacerbated the effects among the high traditionalists. Perceptions of higher justice mitigated the effects of job demands on emotional exhaustion and immunoglobulin A for high traditionalists but not for low traditionalists. These results suggest that, in the relationship between job demands and psychological and physiological health, concern for equity is an important moderator for individuals with more traditional values, whereas perceived personal control is salutary for health primarily among people with less traditional values.