伦理病灶的癌变：“贱民”问题

从道德哲学与精神哲学角度考察马家爵事件以来的校园恶性事件,可以看出,它们既是社会事件,更是精神事件,其根源是伦理病灶的癌变,解释和解决这一问题的关键性概念是"贱民"."贱民"哲学地内在于"伦理世界-生活世界-道德世界"的精神发展过程中,其癌变的精神哲学轨迹是:卑贱意识-贫民-贱民-暴民.由"卑贱意识"到"贱民"的异化,是伦理及其精神链断裂的结果;由"贱民"到"暴民"的恶变,是"伦理出局"的结果.必须在消灭极端贫困的基础上,透过"伦理安全"体系的建构和"精神援助"的实施,从根本上消除产生"贱民"以及由"贱民"向"暴民"恶变的精神土壤.     

犹太科学运动的政治和民族动因

19世纪上半叶,在犹太学领域兴起的科学运动是在欧洲民族主义普遍发展、现代反犹主义加剧的情况下进行的,它的背后潜藏着深厚政治和民族动因。德意志民族主义一方面强化了反犹主义,使得犹太知识精英在文化界特别是大学面临困境,犹太人从痛苦的经历中感受了一种前所未有的民族存在意识。作为一种正面力量,德意志民族浪漫主义思潮也激发并强化了犹太民族自信心,它与启蒙时代的理性主义汇合,为科学犹太学提供了动力。因此,犹太科学运动可以被看作是犹太民族史上的一场文化复兴运动。     

《起信论》渊源辨证

关于《起信论》的作成,佛教内外向来聚讼纷纭、莫衷一是,迄今尚无定论;然而,这并未影响它在中国佛教和佛学史上的地位。从目录学的线索中追溯《起信论》真伪问题的由来,并结合该论的内容及其佛性论的理论渊源,证实了古人认为《起信论》是地论师所造的说法确有根据;并且进一步论证,《起信论》当是南北朝时北道地论师为调和摄论和地论两派师说以及地论师内部分歧而作。尽管如此,《起信论》的实际影响已经证实了自身的“真正的佛法”的价值,故其真伪问题实无关紧要。     

道德哲学体系中的个体、集体与实体

道德哲学体系与伦理精神体系,应当完成两次辩证转换。一是由个体到集体再到实体的辩证转换;二是由实体到主体的辩证转换。与此相联系,个人主义便具有两种道德哲学形态,即个体个人主义与实体个人主义。集体的形成,必须扬弃个体个人主义,伦理性是集体中的否定因素,只有将集体发展为实体,才能真正解决个体与整体的矛盾。集体上升为实体的必要条件是精神,准确地说是“单一物与普遍物统一”的伦理精神。由实体上升为主体的真义,是实体作为“整个的个体”行动,从而不仅具有实体的伦理性,而且具有作为“整个的个体”的道德性。     

分配不公正下的退缩行为：程序公正和互动公正的影响

以160名中学教师为被试,采用2×2的完全随机设计,以模拟故事（scenarios）的方法呈现刺激,研究了在职称评定中分配不公正的前提下,程序公正/不公正,互动公正/不公正对教师的退缩行为（消极怠工、拒绝帮助、离职、对校长的消极态度）的影响。结果表明,在分配不公正条件下：（1）程序公正、互动公正均影响教师的消极怠工程度;（2）程序公正、互动公正均影响教师的拒绝帮助行为程度,而且交互作用显著;（3）互动公正影响教师对上司的消极态度,程序公正无显著影响;（4）程序公正和互动公正对离职意愿影响均不显著     

大学生依恋焦虑与抑郁的关系:恋爱中关系攻击和关系质量的序列中介作用

浪漫关系中的关系攻击指通过操纵或损害关系以达到伤害浪漫关系伴侣的行为。本文以628名处于恋爱关系中的大学生为被试,探讨了依恋焦虑与抑郁之间的关系,并考察了恋爱中的关系攻击和恋爱关系质量在其中的序列中介作用。结果表明:(1)大学生依恋焦虑对抑郁有显著的正向预测作用;(2)关系攻击和关系质量在大学生依恋焦虑与抑郁之间分别发挥着单独中介作用;(3)关系攻击和关系质量在大学生依恋焦虑与抑郁之间发挥着序列中介作用。研究结果验证了依恋焦虑个体在关系中的“自我实现预言”模型,同时能够为大学生心理健康教育提供实践指导。     

Influence of the large–small split effect on strategy choice in complex subtraction

Two main theories have been used to explain the arithmetic split effect: decision‐making process theory and strategy choice theory. Using the inequality paradigm, previous studies have confirmed that individuals tend to adopt a plausibility‐checking strategy and a whole‐calculation strategy to solve large and small split problems in complex addition arithmetic, respectively. This supports strategy choice theory, but it is unknown whether this theory also explains performance in solving different split problems in complex subtraction arithmetic. This study used small, intermediate and large split sizes, with each split condition being further divided into problems requiring and not requiring borrowing. The reaction times (RTs) for large and intermediate splits were significantly shorter than those for small splits, while accuracy was significantly higher for large and middle splits than for small splits, reflecting no speed–accuracy trade‐off. Further, RTs and accuracy differed significantly between the borrow and no‐borrow conditions only for small splits. This study indicates that strategy choice theory is suitable to explain the split effect in complex subtraction arithmetic. That is, individuals tend to choose the plausibility‐checking strategy or the whole‐calculation strategy according to the split size.     

The rosy side and the blue side of emotional brand attachment

This paper examines the rosy side (positive emotion) and the blue side (negative emotion) of brand attachment in consumer–brand relationships and their distinct motivational triggers. Adopting attachment theory, self‐determination theory, and the relationship investment model, this paper provides a richer understanding of the positivity and negativity of emotional brand attachment in terms of consequential branding outcomes. Two hierarchical constructs—autonomous and controlled motivations—are proposed and examined using partial least squares path modelling. Data were collected through a 3‐stage survey to gain 507 samples of customers' brand attachments to 9 international car brands. This research reveals that customers' positive‐side (rosy‐side) emotional brand attachments are driven by autonomous motivations including satisfying the intrinsic motivation of pursuing pleasure and fulfilling needs for self‐determination and self‐congruence in the car brand consumption context. Customers' negative‐side (blue‐side) emotional brand attachment reflects feelings of separation distress, anxiety, and sadness that are triggered by their controlled motivations in car brand consumption contexts. The results indicate that positive emotions (the rosy side) of brand attachment are a more effective predictor of brand repurchasing intentions and word‐of‐mouth behaviours than are negative emotions (the blue side) of brand attachment. This study applies Deci and Ryan's autonomous and controlled motivations to explain the positivity and negativity of consumers' emotional brand attachment in brand–consumer relationships.     

汉语图片命名中获得年龄的作用

不同语种的研究都发现获得年龄是影响图片命名和词汇命名的重要因素。该研究对汉语图片命名中获得年龄的作用进行了初步探讨。研究分为两部分,第一部分让20名大学生对187幅选自Snodgrass和Vanderwart图片集的线条画的名称的获得年龄进行了评定;第二部分以该187幅图片为刺激,30名大学生被试对图片进行命名反应。以命名反应时为因变量,采用多重回归分析,发现除了名称一致性和概念熟悉性,获得年龄是图片命名反应时的主要预测指标,并没有发现词频的效应。文章对此结果进行了讨论。