Microblogging, online expression, and political efficacy among young chinese citizens: the moderating role of information and entertainment needs in the use of weibo

In 2011, China's Internet population reached over half a billion users and the popular Twitter-like social networking service, Weibo, has been adopted by half of the users since its launch in August 2009. Given the potential of the Internet to facilitate a civic culture in the authoritarian state, the use of Weibo and its effects on citizens' political attitudes and behaviors are of important concern. A survey of 499 Weibo users found that intensity of use was related to increased willingness to express opinions about government and politics, the perception that one has the ability to participate in politics, and feelings that the government is not responsive to the demands of citizens. Moreover, the above relationships were moderated by the motivations of Weibo use, such that information motives strengthened the relationships while entertainment motives weakened the relationships.     

An application of a dual-process approach to decision making in social dilemmas

This study compared psychological and behavioral responses in a take-some social dilemma with those in a give-some situation and suggested an explanation in terms of a dual process model. Participants facing the take-some dilemma exhibited a higher level of cooperation than those facing the give-some dilemma only in their first decision trial, and this effect was independent of our experimental manipulation of the information processing mode. Furthermore, once an experiential mode was induced, participants spent less time and experienced less conflict when making decisions in the take-some dilemma than in the give-some situations. The findings indicate that in social dilemmas the information processing mode has a stronger effect on psychological responses than on behavioral responses.     

伦理病灶的癌变：“贱民”问题

从道德哲学与精神哲学角度考察马家爵事件以来的校园恶性事件,可以看出,它们既是社会事件,更是精神事件,其根源是伦理病灶的癌变,解释和解决这一问题的关键性概念是"贱民"."贱民"哲学地内在于"伦理世界-生活世界-道德世界"的精神发展过程中,其癌变的精神哲学轨迹是:卑贱意识-贫民-贱民-暴民.由"卑贱意识"到"贱民"的异化,是伦理及其精神链断裂的结果;由"贱民"到"暴民"的恶变,是"伦理出局"的结果.必须在消灭极端贫困的基础上,透过"伦理安全"体系的建构和"精神援助"的实施,从根本上消除产生"贱民"以及由"贱民"向"暴民"恶变的精神土壤.     

颜色知觉突显对预览效益的影响

本研究通过预览搜索范式考察靶子在颜色高突显情况下的预览效益,探讨其优先选择机制。结果发现在靶子颜色高突显的情况下,预览效益没有出现,说明预览效益的出现有其一定的条件和限制,并为基于刺激特征的抑制的解释提供了支持证据。本文还探讨了预览效益消退的可能原因。     

教师关怀行为与学生学业成绩的关系:学习效能感的中介作用

采用教师关怀行为问卷、学生学习效能感问卷调查1430名中学生,考察教师关怀行为、学生学习效能感和学业成绩之间的关系.结果发现:(1)教师关怀行为的得分高于“3”,达到了3.54;学生的学习效能感的得分也比较高,得分为3.73;(2)教师关怀行为、学生学习效能感和学生的学业成绩及其各维度之间存在着显著的正相关;(3)学生学习效能感在教师关怀和学生的学业成绩之间起着部分中介作用,其中介效应值为0.25,并且学习效能感的两个维度中的学习能力效能感的中介效应(效应值为0.18)大于学习行为效能感(效应值为0.04)的中介效应.     

面孔空想性错视及其神经机制

面孔空想性错视, 是指在不存在面孔的物体或抽象图案上看到面孔, 例如在月球表面看到面孔。它受到自下而上信息与自上而下加工的共同影响。近年来, 研究者通过行为实验、事件相关电位技术以及脑成像技术对不同的空想性错视影响因素进行研究。结果发现, 面孔空想性错视的产生取决于刺激是否包含类似面孔结构, 内部面孔模板是否能与当前刺激匹配, 以及有无面孔相关背景。同时也受到个体差异与情绪状态影响。脑成像研究发现, 在发生空想性错视时, 来自额叶区与枕叶视觉区的信息会在FFA进行整合。未来研究可以致力于探索面孔空想性错视中个体差异的行为与神经机制, 以及不同类型的自上而下调节之间的相互影响及其神经机制。     

论智力对专长获得的非决定性

个体获得某领域杰出能力(专长)并非由其智力简单决定.一方面,智力测验无法预测个体未来成就以及"SOC、智力、专长三角关系理论"的提出,似乎表明智力与专长获得无关;另一方面,"特质联合体中介理论"和"模块能力与综合能力中介理论"则说明智力与专长间存在复杂中介机制.专长的获得是多种因素综合作用的结果,在个体一生发展的历程中,智力对专长获得并不具有显著的决定性.     

在读护生的职业认同研究

目的研制在读护生的护士职业认同评价工具,并检测其信度和效度.方法运用访谈法、专家咨询法和文献法设计原始问卷,并运用调查法对145名护生进行试测,系统分析问卷的信效度.结果在读护生的护士职业认同问卷自我认知纬度包古五个因子,累计贡献率64.072%,共18项题目;自我体验纬度包吉五个因子,累计贡献率66.419%,共22项题目;自我控制纬度包含两因子累计贡献率53.766%,共11项题目,该问卷有较好的信效度.结论在读护生的护士职业认同问卷可以作为护理教育者对在读护生进行职业心理素质教育的评价依据.     

视觉工作记忆中的加工与存储机制:回顾与思考

在视觉工作记忆的研究中,是否可能划分出视觉空间工作记忆和视觉物体工作记忆两个子系统还没有定论.子系统划分成立的基本前提是以特征为存储单位.当前关于存储单位的理论有特征理论、客体理论和双重存储等不同观点,多数视觉信息加工与存储机制的研究支持双重存储说.注意与视觉信息的加工和存储相互影响,因此,加工及存储机制的研究就要在具体的注意水平上进行.     

伦理-经济概念互释中的意义对话及其价值异化

A mutual interpretation and theoretical transplant of ethical-economical concepts is a process of the dialogue and discussion on its “meaning,” and also a process of the transmission and interaction of values. However, over-interpretation, which is inevitable in “understanding” “meaning,” and the plight of the “hegemony of values,” bring potential risks to value dissimilation in the interpretation and transplant. Value migration—value hegemony—value dissimilation is its general process of development. The academic reasoning behind overcoming the risk of value dissimilation is value ecology. The essence of value ecology is to enable the meaning-dialogue and value interlocutions of ethics-economy follow the rules of ecology. Therefore, the process of mutual interpretation and transplantation becomes a process of the ecological interlocution of ethics-economy, creating a new value, eco-value.