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排序方式： 共有911条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
731.
王浩 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2010,31(19):32-33
供精人工授精(Artificial Insemination by Donor,AID)技术虽然给广大不育夫妇带来了福音,但目前面临精源缺少、供精人群缺乏的现状.通过分析可能供精人群,并着重分析大学生这个特殊供精人群,认为AID技术缺乏合适的供精者,并讨论由此带来的医学、伦理、道德等社会问题. 相似文献
732.
AbstractAge-related EEG activity change is a prominent feature that reflects the functional development of the brain. The current study investigated the beta and mu rhythms of 16 children (7.7 ± 1.5 years, 5 to 9.6 years) and 13 adults when a self-determining arm motion was performed. The results indicated that mu power was decreased during movement and returned to baseline level after the movement for both children and adults. However, although a decrease in beta power was observed for both children and adults during movement, the post-movement beta power rebound (PMBR) was observed in adults but not in children. These results suggest that motor-related mu suppression develops early in children; PMBR develops later and may be associated with a more prolonged motor development process. 相似文献
733.
Traditionally, researchers employ human raters for scoring responses to creative thinking tasks. Apart from the associated costs this approach entails two potential risks. First, human raters can be subjective in their scoring behavior (inter-rater-variance). Second, individual raters are prone to inconsistent scoring patterns (intra-rater-variance). In light of these issues, we present an approach for automated scoring of Divergent Thinking (DT) Tasks. We implemented a pipeline aiming to generate accurate rating predictions for DT responses using text mining and machine learning methods. Based on two existing data sets from two different laboratories, we constructed several prediction models incorporating features representing meta information of the response or features engineered from the response’s word embeddings that were obtained using pre-trained GloVe and Word2Vec word vector spaces. Out of these features, word embeddings and features derived from them proved to be particularly effective. Overall, longer responses tended to achieve higher ratings as well as responses that were semantically distant from the stimulus object. In our comparison of three state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, Random Forest and XGBoost tended to slightly outperform the Support Vector Regression. 相似文献
734.
Yi‐Jing Zhang Hao‐Yu Wang Chao Yan Ling‐Ling Wang Eric F. C. Cheung Raymond C.K. Chan 《PsyCh Journal》2019,8(4):401-410
Anhedonia is defined as deficits in experiencing everyday life pleasure. Empirical studies suggest that anhedonia and working memory (WM) share overlapping neural substrates. Although WM training has been shown to alleviate anhedonia in individuals with social anhedonia, it is not clear whether WM training may also improve anhedonia in individuals with subsyndromal depression. This study examined the potential effect of WM training on improving anhedonia in college students with subsyndromal depression. Fifty college students were recruited and classified as the depressive (19 students) and non‐depressive (31 students) groups according to their scores on the Beck Depression Inventory. They then took part in a 20‐session dual n‐back WM training. All participants were requested to complete a set of measures capturing experiential pleasure and WM capacity both before and after the training. We found significant improvement in WM performance and self‐reported measures of experiential pleasure in both groups. However, only the depressive group showed significant improvement in a computer‐based task capturing motivation. These preliminary findings suggest that WM training may be able to alleviate anhedonia in individuals with subsyndromal depressive symptoms. 相似文献
735.
This paper is a comparative study of formal and informal social networks and their effects on subjective well-being in Australia, Britain, and China. Formal social networks are measured by group affiliations, and informal social networks are measured by personal connections with kin, friends, and acquaintances. An analysis of the national representative sample surveys from the three countries shows that the formal networks are of notable importance in increasing people’s subjective well-being in Britain and urban China, but the informal networks have much greater impacts in all three countries, particularly in rural China. We propose a cultural–structural interaction framework to explain the observed differences in the network influence on subjective well-being in the three countries. 相似文献
736.
事故驾驶员与安全驾驶员人格特征的比较研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本研究采用柳井晴夫等人编制的新性格检查问卷,对６０名公交车驾驶员的人格特征进行了测量．结果表明：（１）事故组驾驶员与安全组驾驶员在五个人格特征上存在显著性差异,其中事故组驾驶员攻击性、神经质倾向较强,而持久性、协调性和同情性较差．（２）男性事故组驾驶员与安全组驾驶员在四个人格特征上存在显著性差异,其中事故组驾驶员攻击性和神经质倾向较强,但持久性和协调性较差。（３）女性事故组驾驶员与安全组驾驶员在两个人格特征上存在显著性差异,前者较后者攻击性强,但缺乏同情性．（４）性别在１２项人格特征上无显著性差异．本研究结果可为设计制定专门应用于交通领域的人格测验,以及对驾驶员的选拔、培训、教育和管理提供一定的理论依据． 相似文献
737.
Yunyun Chen;Hong He;Xintong Zou;Xuemin Zhang; 《Cognitive Science》2024,48(1):e13403
The retrospective view of temporal binding (TB), the temporal contraction between one's actions and their effects, proposes that TB is influenced by what happens after the action. However, the role of the interaction between multiple sources of information following the action in the formation of TB has received limited attention. The current study aims to address this gap by investigating the combined influence of social feedback and outcome valence (i.e., positive or negative outcomes) on TB. In Experiment 1, the valenced outcome was followed by either positive or negative social feedback. The results showed that negative social feedback enlarged the difference between TB over negative and positive outcomes relative to positive social feedback. The modulatory effect of social feedback on TB was not observed in the absence of causal beliefs between actions and outcomes (Experiment 2). These results highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between cognitive, emotional, and social factors in shaping our subjective temporal experience. 相似文献
738.
Drawing upon the social identity approach, the present study explored the interrelationships among perceived stigma (both group-based and personal), post-traumatic growth (PTG), and their underlying mechanisms. Cross-sectional data were collected from 3100 residents (female: n = 1667, 53.77%; male: n = 1433, 46.23%) of Hubei Province, China, aged between 12 and 65 years. The PROCESS macro (Model 7) in SPSS was employed to examine the moderated mediation effect of Inside/Outside Wuhan status on perceived identity and its associations with perceived stigma and PTG. The measurements included a brief scale assessing COVID-19-related stigma, the Multigroup Measure of Ethnic Identity, and the short form of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory. Results showed that perceived stigma was positively associated with PTG, which was mediated by perceived identity. The moderation analysis suggested that the mediating effect of perceived identity on the courtesy stigma–PTG linkage was more pronounced in the Outside Wuhan group compared to the Inside Wuhan group. However, such an effect was not observed when personal affiliate stigma was the antecedent. In conclusion, this study suggests that positive contact and interaction can help reduce discrimination and stigma. Enhancing the perceived identity of stigmatized individuals can ultimately contribute to the achievement of PTG. 相似文献
739.
Yanli Jia Yunhui Huang Robert S. Wyer Jr. Hao Shen 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2017,27(4):435-447
740.
Peixu He;Wenzhi Zheng;Hongdan Zhao;Cuiling Jiang;Tung-Ju Wu; 《Psychologie appliquee》2024,73(2):565-598
Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, we examine the relationship between citizenship pressure and knowledge hiding, exploring the underlying mechanism between the two through citizenship fatigue and supervisor–subordinate guanxi. Two three-wave sets of data were collected and analyzed with PROCESS. Study 1 revealed that employees' perceived pressure to engage in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) can lead them to experience citizenship fatigue and to seek to conserve resources through deceptively hiding knowledge (i.e., evasive hiding and playing dumb). However, rationalized hiding will not be adopted by employees as a strategy to reserve resources under citizenship pressure. Supervisor–subordinate guanxi also serves as a reverse moderator, in that high guanxi mitigates the direct impact of citizenship pressure on citizenship fatigue and the indirect impact of citizenship pressure on evasive hiding and playing dumb through citizenship fatigue. Study 2 replicated and extended the findings of Study 1 by considering the negative affect as a potential mediator and the leader–member exchange (LMX) as a potential moderator. The findings show that citizenship pressure has a positive effect on evasive hiding and playing dumb through the mediating role of citizenship fatigue; and supervisor–subordinate guanxi negatively moderates the positive effect of citizenship pressure on citizenship fatigue and the mediating effect of citizenship fatigue, whereas LMX has no significant moderating effect on these linkages. This research advances our understanding of the “dark side” of OCB and enriches knowledge hiding studies by introducing a new predictor about extra-role work stressors. 相似文献