Involvement of BDNF receptor TrkB in spatial memory formation

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in long-term potentiation (LTP), and are phosphorylated by several tyrosine kinases including a Src-family tyrosine kinase Fyn. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin, which also enhances hippocampal synaptic transmission and efficacy by increasing NMDA receptor activity. Here, we show that Fyn is a key molecule linking the BDNF receptor TrkB with NMDA receptors, which play an important role in spatial memory formation in a radial arm maze. Spatial learning induced phosphorylation of TrkB, Fyn, and NR2B, but not NR2A, in the hippocampus. Fyn was coimmunoprecipitated with TrkB and NR2B, and this association was increased in well-trained rats compared with control animals. Continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of PP2, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in rats delayed memory acquisition in the radial arm maze, but PP2-treated animals reached the same level of learning as the controls. The phosphorylation of Fyn and NR2B, but not TrkB, was diminished by PP2 treatment. Our findings suggest the importance of interaction between BDNF/TrkB signaling and NMDA receptors for spatial memory in the hippocampus.     

“神医”现象的剖析

当前“神医”并非罕见,他们常施展浑身解数,或给自己戴上自制的各种“高帽”、“大帽”、什么“国标抗癌协会主席;或假借名人、甚或政界要人的提携,多少沾点余光;或让身世充满着曲折离奇的迷露,对于“神医”的泛滥,当务 急是对全民进行破除迷信、崇尚宾教育,提高全慢旗的心理素质。     

加工水平和呈现时间对错误记忆的影响

在DRM范式下,通过操纵加工水平和呈现时间,考察它们对错误记忆和真实记忆的影响.结果发现,加工水平对错误记忆没有影响,随着对词表加工水平的提高,错误再认率差异不显著.而加工水平对正确记忆有显著影响,不同加工水平间的正确再认率差异极其显著.错误记忆与正确记忆在加工水平上表现出了分离.在较慢呈现时间下,呈现时间对错误记忆和正确记忆的影响均不显著.     

略论市场逻辑及其伦理基础

市场逻辑是在特定制度约束条件下的个人权利的自由交易.作为现实的人的经济活动场所,市场充分体现了现实的人自由交换的需要,体现了人们对自身价值和创造力的肯定.自市场经济体制产生以来,各种伦理学说所关注的一个共同课题就是如何从伦理上为各自所设计的市场经济制度作辩护.基于市场逻辑的伦理原则为自由原则、平等原则、效率原则和秩序原则.     

Stereotype activation is unintentional: Behavioural and event‐related potenials evidence

In this study, a priming Stroop paradigm was used to determine whether stereotype activation is unintentional. Priming conditions (priming/no‐priming) and the relationship between priming and target (consistent/inconsistent/no‐relation) were the independent variables; accuracy, reaction time and N400 amplitude were used as dependent variables. The reaction time revealed that stereotype activation is, to some extent, unintentional. Furthermore, the event‐related potenial (ERP) results showed that N400 amplitude was larger for inconsistent conditions than for consistent conditions. This result supported the notion that stereotype activation is an unintentional and automatic process.     

道德形而上学体系由现象学向法哲学的转换及其概念过渡

伦理道德是一种理性,是关于善的价值理性,这是道德体系的重要形而上学前提之一。但是,道德形而上学体系如果仅滞留于此,那它便只能皈依于哲学的形而上学,而无法进展到道德形而上学。道德形而上学体系的特点,是由理性继续前进,使之从人的思维中逸出,具有外化为现实的品质和能力。所以,道德形而上学体系逻辑地需要完成一次重大转换,即由“理性”向“精神”的辩证运动。这一转换的方法论实质,是由现象学思辨向法哲学分析过渡。道德形而上学体系的法哲学结构,由概念的两个辩证运动过程构成:由“冲动”向“冲动的合理体系”的辩证运动;由“‘冲动…     

“犯罪人心理”与“犯罪心理”辨析

关于“犯罪心理结构”之争,已经集中在“犯罪心理”或“犯罪人心理”这个焦点上。反对“犯罪心理结构”者认为,犯罪心理实际上是不存在的,犯罪人心理在很多方面（甚至一切方面）同守法公民没有区别。因此,犯罪心理学实际上是一门研究“犯罪人心理”的学科。笔者认为,这是一种违反逻辑的、必将导致取消犯罪心理学的推论。     

Bidirectional semantic associations between social power and weight

Two experiments were conducted to examine bidirectional semantic associations between power and weight using a priming paradigm. Bidirectionality in the relationship between power and weight was demonstrated, utilising tasks that were identical except that the orders in which the stimuli were presented were reversed. In Experiment 1, an empty scale leaning either leftward or rightward was used as a priming stimulus, and a scale that appeared in equilibrium with a pair of power words was used as a target stimulus. In Experiment 2, a scale with a pair of words that appeared in equilibrium was used as a priming stimulus, and an empty scale leaning either leftward or rightward was used as a target stimulus. We identified interaction effects between power and weight in both experiments. Associations between power and weight provide evidence for both conceptual metaphor views and evolutionary theory. The bidirectionality of metaphorical effects is in line with the strong version of metaphoric structuring. Both language and experiential correlations play important roles in the development of the mapping between power and weight.     

Brief Exposure to Misinformation Can Lead to Long‐Term False Memories

Do false memories last? And do they last as long as true ones? This study investigated whether experimentally created false memories would persist for an extended period (one and a half years). A large number of subjects (N = 342) participated in a standard three‐stage misinformation procedure (saw the event slides, read the narrations with misinformation, and then took the memory tests). The initial tests showed that misinformation led to a significant amount of false memory. One and a half years later, the participants were tested again. About half of the misinformation false memory persisted, which was the same rate as for true memory. These results strongly suggest that brief exposure to misinformation can lead to long‐term false memory and that the strength of memory trace was similar for true and false memories. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.