交感神经系统在应激免疫调节中的作用

目前,越来越多的研究资料表明交感神经系统(SNS)参与了应激的免疫调节作用。有关研究主要集中在SNS与免疫系统间的解剖基础及相互作用、SNS参与应激的免疫调节作用的实验研究以及SNS与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴（HPA）间的相互作用等几个方面。综合阐述这些研究结果,并着重分析SNS、应激与免疫系统间的相互作用及其机制     

条件反射性抗体反应增强的动态分析——以OVA为非条件刺激物

研究了条件反射性抗体反应增强模型的建立。被试为49只雄性成年Wistar大鼠,采用糖精水作为条件性刺激,一种蛋白抗原卵清蛋白作为非条件性刺激配对给予大鼠,两者结合后,在初次抗体应答下降阶段再次单独给予条件刺激,用酶联免疫吸附法分时段检测抗体水平的变化。发现条件组在条件刺激后15,20,25天左右抗体水平明显高于对照组。这一过程与初次抗体应答的规律类似。这些结果证实经一次条件训练,单独给予条件刺激能诱导出明显的条件反射性抗体反应增高。     

听觉诱发和电刺激中脑下丘诱发大鼠听因性发作的比较

用100微安、持续1至3秒的电流刺激正常大鼠的中脑下丘,每24小时刺激一次,经过20次之后,动物的听因性发作率可达75％,它与听觉诱发组的动物经过连续10次的铃声诱发后所达到的发作率(80％)十分接近,与无诱发的对照组动物的发作率相比,有显著差异。此结果进一步肯定了中脑下丘在听因性发作中的重要作用。     

数字式肌电显示仪及其在体育中的应用

本文介绍数字式肌电显示仪。由微电极检测得到的肌电信号经过放大器之后被本仪器以数字形式显示出来,由于其具有对输出量的保持以及提供不同的展示肌电值的时间间隔的功能,它可以用于估计和分析人体的紧张程度。本仪器已用于国家射击队的心理训练。     

Cognitive distance of stairways: a multi-stairway investigation

The present study had two major purposes. First it sought to determine to what extent in an earlier study of distance estimation in stairways (Hanyu & Itsukushima, 1995) would generalize to other types of stairway. Second, it sought to examine which hypothesis, information storage or effort, better explain the earlier results, in which people overestimated distance and traversed time estimates. We obtained four distance and time measures: distance estimate, traversal time estimate, mental walking time and actual traversal time. To measure information, we had participants rate each stairway for complexity (simple-complex) and effort (effortless-effortful) before and after the distance and time measurement tasks. The results revealed that the earlier findings (Hanyu & Itsukushima, 1995) did not fully generalize. The results also did not support either the information storage or the effort hypothesis.     

医疗纠纷发生的新动态及对策

通过对４２８例医疗纠纷发生的原因进行了分析,总结出了目前医疗纠纷发展的新动态和相应的对策。并提出了以抓服务质量、医疗质量、基础质量为核心,共同提高认识,以减少医疗纠纷的发生。     

电击信号应激对大鼠体液免疫及内分泌功能的影响

研究了足电击及以电击装置为信号刺激所诱发的情绪应激对大鼠原发性体液免疫反应及内分泌的影响。 结果表明每天１０分钟,共６天的足电击对大鼠抗特异性抗原ＯＶＡ的原发性体液免疫反应无明显作用,而此电击作 用结合每天１０分钟,共８天的情绪应激则可显著降低大鼠体液免疫反应及脾脏指数。同时该应激可显著提高大鼠 血儿茶酚胶和皮质酮水平。该研究证明了情绪应激对大鼠体液免疫功能的调节作用,并对交感神经系统和下丘脑－ 垂体－肾上腺（ＨＰＡ）轴在其中所起的作用进行了初步探讨。     

Younger adults report more distress and less well-being: A cross-cultural study of event centrality,depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and life satisfaction

The extent to which highly emotional autobiographical memories become central to one's identity and life story influences mental health. Young adults report higher distress and lower well-being, compared with middle-aged and/or older adults; whether this replicates across cultures is still unclear. First, we provide a review of the literature that examines age-differences in depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and life satisfaction in adulthood across cultures. Second, we report findings from a cross-cultural study that examined event centrality of highly positive and negative autobiographical memories along with symptoms of depression and PTSD, and levels of life satisfaction in approximately 1000 young and middle-aged adults from Mexico, Greenland, China and Denmark. Both age groups provided higher centrality ratings to the positive life event; however, the relative difference between the ratings for the positive and negative event was smaller in the young adults. Young adults reported significantly more distress and less well-being across cultures.     

道德外语效应的三种机制及与外语水平的关系

道德外语效应(Moral Foreign Language effect)是指人们的道德判断在外语条件下发生改变的现象,自该效应提出以来,其背后的机制一直都是研究的热点。道德外语效应的解释机制主要有审慎加工增强、情绪反应减少和道德规范联结的减弱等。本文对三种影响机制进行了探讨,发现情绪、道德规范和外语水平对道德判断可能会产生影响。同时,本文指出未来可以从自我控制、认知启动效应、消极情绪启动效应及道德规范与外语水平之间的关系进行研究和探讨。     

以自尊为中介因素的完美主义与抑郁的关系研究

以679名初中学生为研究对象,采用近乎完美量表修订版、自尊量表以及BDI抑郁问卷对被试进行集体施测,以探讨自尊对完美主义和抑郁关系的中介效应。结果表明：自尊部分中介适应不良完美主义和抑郁的关系,对适应良好完美主义与抑郁的关系没有中介作用。培养完美主义者的较高水平的自尊非常重要。