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61.
Tobias Hansson Wahlberg 《Axiomathes》2011,21(4):507-529
This paper asks whether persistence can be a matter of convention. It argues that in a rather unexciting de dicto sense persistence
is indeed a matter of convention, but it rejects the notion that persistence can be a matter of convention in a more substantial
de re sense. However, scenarios can be imagined that appear to involve conventional persistence of the latter kind. Since
there are strong reasons for thinking that such conventionality is impossible, it is desirable that our metaphysical-cum-semantic
theories of persistence be able to account for such scenarios in terms of conventions of the first kind. Later parts of the
article therefore investigate whether three of the currently most influential metaphysical-cum-semantic theories of persistence—the
endurance theory, the stage theory, and the perdurance theory—can do this. Fortunately, for them, it turns out that all can,
though some philosophers have disputed this. However, when we ask how they account for a typical case of “conventional persistence”
some problematic features of the theories—having to do with reference, persistence conditions, how they relate, and the epistemology
of persistence—are revealed. 相似文献
62.
Most couples therapy theories are developed and tested in the USA. In this clinical study, we investigated such therapies in a Swedish context. Over 300 couples were enrolled in the study of whom just under half completed the end‐of‐treatment assessment and just over 40 per cent a two‐year follow‐up. At the start, the study group displayed severe problems in marital adjustment, dyadic interactions and psychiatric symptoms. A relatively short treatment was used and 50 per cent of the couples attended less than nine sessions. Outcomes of treatment showed significant improvements in relationship matters, individual mental health and enhanced coping abilities. At long‐term follow‐up, all results remained the same and in some aspects improved for both sexes. This study confirms the effectiveness of such therapies in a Swedish context. 相似文献
63.
64.
Masterton M Hansson MG Höglund AT Helgesson G 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2007,28(2):137-149
Queen Christina of Sweden was unconventional in her time, leading to hypotheses on her gender and possible hermaphroditic nature. If genetic analysis can substantiate the latter claim, could this bring the queen into disrepute 300 years after her death? Joan C. Callahan has argued that if a reputation changes, this constitutes a change only in the group of people changing their views and not in the person whose reputation it is. Is this so? This paper analyses what constitutes change and draws out the implications to the reputation of the dead. It is argued that a reputation is a relational property which can go through changes. The change is “real” for the group changing their views on Queen Christina and of a Cambridge kind for the long dead queen herself. Cambridge changes result in new properties being acquired, some of which can be of significance. Although the dead cannot go through any non-relational changes, it is possible for the dead to change properties through Cambridge changes. In this sense changes in reputation do affect the dead, and thus Queen Christina can acquire a new property, in this case possibly a worse reputation. 相似文献
65.
Hypothetical Retrospection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sven Ove Hansson 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(2):145-157
Moral theory has mostly focused on idealized situations in which the morally relevant properties of human actions can be known
beforehand. Here, a framework is proposed that is intended to sharpen moral intuitions and improve moral argumentation in
problems involving risk and uncertainty. Guidelines are proposed for a systematic search of suitable future viewpoints for
hypothetical retrospection. In hypothetical retrospection, a decision is evaluated under the assumption that one of the branches
of possible future developments has materialized. This evaluation is based on the deliberator’s present values, and each decision
is judged in relation to the information available when it was taken. The basic decision rule is to choose an alternative
that comes out as morally acceptable (permissible) from all hypothetical retrospections.
相似文献
Sven Ove HanssonEmail: |
66.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2009,38(2):127-149
By replacement is meant an operation that replaces one sentence by another in a belief set. Replacement can be used as a kind
of Sheffer stroke for belief change, since contraction, revision, and expansion can all be defined in terms of it. Replacement
can also be defined either in terms of contraction or in terms of revision. Close connections are shown to hold between axioms
for replacement and axioms for contraction and revision. Partial meet replacement is axiomatically characterized. It is shown
that this operation can have outcomes that are not obtainable through either partial meet contraction or partial meet revision. 相似文献
67.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Erkenntnis》2000,52(1):117-119
68.
Tobias Hansson Wahlberg 《Axiomathes》2014,24(4):463-482
Several philosophers have maintained in recent years that the endurance/perdurance debate is merely verbal: these prima facie distinct theories of objects’ persistence are in fact metaphysically equivalent, they claim. The present paper challenges this view. Three proposed translation schemes (those set forth by Miller in Erkenntnis 62:91–117, 2005, McCall and Lowe in Noûs 40:570–578, 2006, and Hirsch in Metametaphysics—new essays on the foundations of ontology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009) are examined; all are shown to be faulty. In the process, constructive reasons for regarding the debate as a substantive one are provided. It is also suggested that the theories may have differing practical implications. 相似文献
69.
70.
Sven Ove Hansson 《Synthese》2010,173(2):153-177
Multiple contraction (simultaneous contraction by several sentences) and iterated contraction are investigated in the framework
of specified meet contraction (s.m.c.) that is extended for this purpose. Multiple contraction is axiomatized, and so is finitely
multiple contraction (contraction by a finite set of sentences). Two ways to reduce finitely multiple contraction to contraction
by single sentences are introduced. The reduced operations are axiomatically characterized and their properties are investigated.
Furthermore, it is shown how iterated contraction can be reduced to single-step, single-sentence contraction. However, in
this framework the outcome of iterated contraction depends unavoidably on the order in which the inputs are received. This
order-dependence makes it impossible to treat two inputs on an equal footing. Therefore it is often preferable to perform
changes involving several pieces of information as multiple rather than iterated change. 相似文献