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151.
This essay studies an argumentative practice in eighteenth-century France by exploring the persuasiveness of some petitions
to obtain printer licences. Those who wanted to enter the printing business in eighteenth-century France had to obtain licences
from the King to do so. The French government had established limits to the number of printers it would permit to operate
in the realm; hence, there was competition for any vacancy that became open. Thus, the context is that of trained printers
in provincial towns, most of them with their own printing equipment, applying to the government in Paris for the highly valued
licences to run printing businesses. We examine a small number of the original petitions and give an account of their persuasive
capacity by (a) noticing the narrative character of the letters and (b) distinguishing between propositional and affective
attitudes. Our view is that a reconstruction of the petitions as reasonable persuasive discourse is possible when it is noticed
how the two kinds of attitudes can be combined to promote the same end. 相似文献
152.
Pavlidis George Hansen Thomas Motel-Klingebiel Andreas Aartsen Marja 《Applied research in quality of life》2022,17(5):2859-2875
Applied Research in Quality of Life - This study examined from a gender-sensitive perspective the associations of exclusion from social relations (ESR) with the quality of life (QoL) of excluded... 相似文献
153.
154.
Jörg Hansen 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2014,43(5):965-977
In a series of articles, P. Vranas recently proposed a new imperative logic. The strong and weak inferences of this logic are motivated by an appeal to a strong and weak ‘support by reasons’ that transfers from the premisses of an argument to its conclusion. They also combine nonmonotonic and monotonic reasoning patterns. I show that for any moral agent, Vranas’s proposal can be simplified enormously. 相似文献
155.
Asle M. Sandvik Anita L. Hansen Bjørn Helge Johnsen Jon Christian Laberg 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2014,55(6):585-592
The capacity to interpret others people's behavior and mental states is a vital part of human social communication. This ability, also called mentalizing or Theory of Mind (ToM), may also serve as a protective factor against aggression and antisocial behavior. This study investigates the relationship between two measures of psychopathy (clinical assessment and self‐report) and the ability to identify mental states from photographs of the eye region. The participants in the study were 92 male inmates at Bergen prison, Norway. The results showed some discrepancy in connection to assessment methodology. For the self‐report (SRP‐III), we found an overall negative association between mental state discrimination and psychopathy, while for the clinical instrument (PCL‐R) the results were more mixed. For Factor 1 psychopathic traits (interpersonal and affective), we found positive associations with discrimination of neutral mental states, but not with the positive or negative mental states. Factor 2 traits (antisocial lifestyle) were found to be negatively associated with discrimination of mental states. The results from this study demonstrate a heterogeneity in the psychopathic construct where psychopathic traits related to an antisocial and impulsive lifestyle are associated with lower ability to recognize others' mental states, while interpersonal and affective psychopathic traits are associated with a somewhat enhanced ability to recognize others' emotional states. 相似文献
156.
Jens Christian Bjerring Jens Ulrik Hansen Nikolaj Jang Lee Linding Pedersen 《Synthese》2014,191(11):2445-2470
Pluralistic ignorance is a socio-psychological phenomenon that involves a systematic discrepancy between people’s private beliefs and public behavior in certain social contexts. Recently, pluralistic ignorance has gained increased attention in formal and social epistemology. But to get clear on what precisely a formal and social epistemological account of pluralistic ignorance should look like, we need answers to at least the following two questions: What exactly is the phenomenon of pluralistic ignorance? And can the phenomenon arise among perfectly rational agents? In this paper, we propose answers to both these questions. First, we characterize different versions of pluralistic ignorance and define the version that we claim most adequately captures the examples cited as paradigmatic cases of pluralistic ignorance in the literature. In doing so, we will stress certain key epistemic and social interactive aspects of the phenomenon. Second, given our characterization of pluralistic ignorance, we argue that the phenomenon can indeed arise in groups of perfectly rational agents. This, in turn, ensures that the tools of formal epistemology can be fully utilized to reason about pluralistic ignorance. 相似文献
157.
In the horizontal-vertical illusion (HVI), the length of the vertical line is overestimated, whereas in the bisection illusion (BI), the horizontal bisecting line is expected to be overestimated. Here, only half of our 22 observers showed the expected BI, whereas the other half underestimated the bisecting line. Observers also differed in their judgments of the strength of the HVI: The HVI was stronger for observers showing the classical bisection effect, and weaker or absent for those underestimating the bisecting line. To account for these results, we used a linear model to individually estimate the strength of two putative factors underlying both illusions. Whereas the strength of the HVI and BI were highly correlated, the estimated factors were uncorrelated. Therefore, in two control experiments, we then measured the pure horizontal-vertical (pHVI) and bisection (pBI) illusions. A significant correlation between the estimated factors and the measured illusion variants was found. Results were robust against variations of contrast, repetitive presentations, and choice of adjusted line. Thus, the classical HVI as an additive combination of two independent factors was confirmed, but we found considerable interindividual variations in the strength of the illusions. The results stress the importance of analyzing individual data rather than taking sample means for understanding these illusions. 相似文献
158.
Visual regulation of upper limb movements occurs throughout the trajectory and is not confined to discrete control in the
target area. Early control is based on the dynamic relationship between the limb, the target, and the environment. Despite
robust outcome differences between protocols involving visual manipulations, it remains difficult to identify the kinematic
events that characterize these differences. In this study, participants performed manual aiming movements with and without
vision. We compared several traditional approaches to movement analysis with two new methods of quantifying online limb regulation.
As expected, participants undershot the target and their movement endpoints were more variable when vision was not available.
Although traditional measures such as reaction time, time after peak velocity, and the presence of discontinuities in acceleration
were sensitive to the visual manipulation, measures quantifying the trial-to-trial spatial variability throughout the trajectory
were the most effective in isolating the time course of online regulation. 相似文献
159.
Jennifer Hansen‐Glucklich 《Journal of Modern Jewish Studies》2013,12(2):209-232
This essay examines how Yad Vashem: The Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority in Jerusalem and The Jewish Museum in Berlin move beyond the usual informative and communicative functions of museum exhibits to visually evoke sacred feelings in regard to Holocaust memory. Ideas and images of the sacred vary in the two museums, reflecting two very different memorial cultures and commemorative goals, and these contrasting contexts frame the analysis. Theoretically informed by religious and ritual studies, both sacred time and space are considered through close readings of museum architecture, visual exhibits and the movement of the visitor through the museums. 相似文献
160.
This experimental research focuses on four distinct, but related theoretical interests regarding the study of emotion and media effects: (a) emotion serving as a potential mediator of the relationship between the consumption of multiple media messages, (b) media messages sparking emotional reactions to attitude objects not specifically referenced or identified in a message, (c) the assessment of inter-emotion relationships across distinct attitude objects, and (d) varied processes of emotion-based influence based on individual-difference attitude object preferences. This work focuses on Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11, its effects on anger felt toward President George W. Bush and Senator John F. Kerry, and subsequent perceptions of candidate debate superiority across Bush versus Kerry supporters. Moore's film was found to influence levels of anger felt toward both Bush and Kerry and these emotions were related to subsequent perceptions of debate superiority. Distinct processes of influence were found for previously identified Bush supporters versus Kerry supporters, with Bush anger serving as a mediator for Bush supporters and Kerry anger serving as a mediator for Kerry supporters. Ramifications of this study's findings are outlined and future lines of research are summarized. 相似文献