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211.
Hans van der Meij 《Sex roles》2007,57(5-6):341-354
This paper first reviews the literature on computer mediated communication (CMC) to examine whether claims about gender-linked differences in specific attitudes, styles and content in CMC have been validated. Empirical studies were limited, with considerable variation in audiences, tasks, and contexts that was related to varied outcomes. The paper next describes an empirical study on the e-mail communication of elementary school children from ten Dutch classrooms. No gender-linked preference for a person or task-oriented attitude was found. Girls significantly more often employed an elaborate style. Differences between boys and girls on content of communication were subtle rather than robust. The conclusion discusses the functional embedding of CMC and the need to examine jointly antecedents, language acts and consequences. 相似文献
212.
Jantien van Zeijl Judi Mesman Mirjam N Stolk Lenneke R A Alink Marinus H van Ijzendoorn Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg Femmie Juffer Hans M Koot 《Journal of family psychology》2007,21(4):626-636
This study investigated the interaction of child temperament and maternal discipline in the prediction of externalizing problems in early childhood. Interaction effects were evaluated in a sample of 227 one- to three-year-old children with relatively high externalizing problems scores on the Child Behavior Checklist/1 1/2-5. Child temperament was reported by the mothers, maternal discipline was observed in a laboratory session, and child outcome measures included both mother-reported externalizing problems and observed physical aggression. Results indicate that children with difficult temperaments are more susceptible to negative discipline (i.e., they showed more externalizing problems) as well as more susceptible to positive discipline (i.e., they showed fewer externalizing problems and less physical aggression), as compared with children with relatively easy temperaments. These findings provide empirical evidence for the differential susceptibility hypothesis and suggest directions for enhancing the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing early childhood externalizing problems. 相似文献
213.
214.
Sabrina D. Bruyneel Siegfried Dewitte Philip Hans Franses Marnik G. Dekimpe 《决策行为杂志》2009,22(2):153-170
We propose that negative affect can induce people to engage in risky decisions. We test two alternative hypotheses as to how this effect may emerge. The mood repair hypothesis states that risky choices in risk decision making serve as a means to repair one's negative affect. The depletion hypothesis, in contrast, states that risky choices in risk decision making are the mere consequence of a state of depletion resulting from engagement in active mood regulation attempts. The results of a first laboratory study establish a link between risky choices in risk decision making and negative affect. Subsequent experiments provide evidence that depletion due to active mood regulation attempts, rather than mood repair, is the underlying process for this link. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
215.
Hans Ucko 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》2009,20(3):305-313
The article points to the dimension of waiting in Jewish, Christian and Shi‘a Muslim thinking as one particular feature of these traditions. There is a need to distinguish between escapist and productive eschatology. The whole question might also be a feature in a discussion on the interrelationship in international relations of the concepts of realism and idealism and the possible contribution of religion. 相似文献
216.
Lars Glasø Morten Birkeland Nielsen Ståle Einarsen 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(6):1316-1333
This representative study among 2,539 Norwegian employees examines interpersonal problems among targets and perpetrators of workplace bullying. Both targets and perpetrators portrayed elevated levels of interpersonal problems. Yet, the results question the role of a general target personality in explaining exposure to workplace bullying. Although interpersonal problems were reported among 50% of the targets, interpersonal problems were also prevalent in a large proportion of the non-exposed employees. Accordingly, level of interpersonal problems does not easily differentiate targets from non-targets and calls for a broader frame of reference in order to understand the bullying process. 相似文献
217.
Sleep deprivation adversely affects the ability to perform cognitive tasks, but theories range from predicting an overall
decline in cognitive functioning (because of reduced stability in attentional networks) to claiming specific deficits in executive
functions. In the present study, we measured the effects of sleep deprivation on a two-choice numerosity discrimination task.
A diffusion model was used to decompose accuracy and response time distributions in order to produce estimates of distinct
components of cognitive processing. The model assumes that, over time, noisy evidence from the task stimulus is accumulated
to one of two decision criteria and that parameters governing this process can be extracted and interpreted in terms of distinct
cognitive processes. The results showed that sleep deprivation affects multiple components of cognitive processing, ranging
from stimulus processing to peripheral nondecision processes. Thus, sleep deprivation appears to have wide-ranging effects:
Reduced attentional arousal and impaired central processing combine to produce an overall decline in cognitive functioning. 相似文献
218.
219.
The present research examined the relationship between adherence to honor norms and emotional reactions after an insult. Participants were 42 Dutch male train travelers, half of whom were insulted by a confederate who bumped into the participant and made a degrading remark. Compared with insulted participants with a weak adherence to honor norms, insulted participants with a strong adherence to honor norms were (a) more angry, (b) less joyful, (c) less fearful, and (d) less resigned. Moreover, insulted participants with a strong adherence to honor norms perceived more anger in subsequent stimuli than not-insulted participants with a strong adherence to these norms. The present findings support a direct relationship among insult, adherence to honor norms, and emotional reactions. 相似文献
220.
Kjell Morten Stormark 《Infant and child development》2007,16(3):321-324
This study examined if infant immunization distress is related to their mothers' affective involvement prior to the injection. The duration of infant cry vocalizations and the amount of maternal behaviour before and after the syringe injection were observed in 18 mother–infant dyads, of whom nine comprised 3‐month‐old and nine 15‐month‐old infants. The maternal behaviour was scored in terms of various soothing strategies used to calm infants in distress. Infant cry duration, in both the 3‐ and the 15‐month olds, was associated with amount of maternal eye‐gaze before the injection. For the 15‐month olds, also face‐to‐face contact and rocking the infant was associated with more crying. Even though the small scale of the study warrants some caution in the interpretation, the overall findings suggest that young infants have a referential understanding of caregiver affective involvement prior to a stressor. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献