全文获取类型
收费全文 | 914篇 |
免费 | 40篇 |
专业分类
954篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 27篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 108篇 |
2012年 | 35篇 |
2011年 | 35篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 18篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
1935年 | 9篇 |
1931年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有954条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
171.
172.
Residual attentional capacity amongst young and elderly during dual and triple task walking 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Walking is considered an automatic function which demands little attentional resources. Thus a residual attentional capacity is available for a concurrent task (dual task). Minor age-related deficits in postural control may minimize the residual attentional capacity, however this may not be detected by a simple examination of the individuals gait performance. This study investigated the use of challenging dual task combinations to detect age related changes in gait performance. Eleven community-dwelling elderly (mean age 76 years) and 13 young subjects (mean age 26 years) participated in the study. The participants walked along a figure-of-eight track at a self-selected speed. The effect of introducing a concurrent cognitive task and a concurrent functional motor task was evaluated. Stride-to-stride variability was measured by heel contacts and by trunk accelerometry. In response to the cognitive task the elderly increased their temporal stride-to-stride variability by 39% in the walking task and by 57% in the combined motor task. These increases were significantly larger than observed for the young. Equivalent decreases in trunk acceleration autocorrelation coefficients and gait speed were found. A combination of sufficiently challenging motor tasks and concurrent cognitive tasks can reveal signs of limited residual attentional capacity during walking amongst the elderly. 相似文献
173.
Sander Begeer Hans M. Koot Carolien Rieffe Mark Meerum Terwogt Hedy Stegge 《Developmental Review》2008
The diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include emotional impairments. However, scientific evidence for these impairments is varied and subtle. In this contribution, recent empirical studies that examined the emotional competence in children and adolescents with ASD are reviewed. Four aspects of emotional competence that are important to children’s daily social functioning (expression, perception, responding, and understanding) are discussed, differentiating between mentally retarded and normally intelligent children and adolescents with and without ASD in natural and structured contexts. On various accounts, the emotional impairments of children with ASD that are found in scientific studies provide a more differentiated view on the impairments suggested by the diagnostic literature. Consistent empirical findings and gaps in the field are discussed. Theoretical and clinical recommendations for assessment procedures are suggested. 相似文献
174.
In decision situations of everyday life, the potential positive or negative consequences of a decision are often specified and the associated probabilities are known or they are principally calculable ("decisions under risk"). On the basis of correlations reported in patient studies, it has been recently proposed that decisions under risk involve strategic components, i.e. calculation of the risk, as well as emotional processes, i.e. processing feedback from previous decisions. However, the potential impact of calculative strategies on decision-making under risk has not been investigated systematically, so far. In the current study, we examined 42 healthy subjects (21 females) with the Game of Dice Task measuring decisions under risk, and a questionnaire assessing strategy application in items comparable to the choices in the Game of Dice Task. In addition, the subjects performed the Iowa Gambling Task, examining decision-making under ambiguity, and a neuropsychological test battery focusing on executive functions. Results indicate that deciding advantageously in a decision-making task with explicit and stable rules is linked to applying calculative strategies. In contrast, individuals who decide intuitively prefer risky or disadvantageous choices in the Game of Dice Task. Applying calculative strategies was correlated with executive functions but not with performance on the Iowa Gambling Task. The results support the view that calculative processes and strategies may improve decision-making under explicit risk conditions. 相似文献
175.
de Jongh A Olff M van Hoolwerff H Aartman IH Broekman B Lindauer R Boer F 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,(12):1305-1310
The purpose of the present study was to determine the psychological impact of wisdom teeth removal and to identify the psychological risk factors for the development of dental anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Participants were 34 consecutive elective patients referred for surgical removal of a wisdom tooth under local anesthesia. Frequency of previous distressing dental events and general traumatic life events were assessed at baseline (t1), and emotional distress (pain, state anxiety and disturbance) immediately after treatment (t2). Post-traumatic stress responses were determined three days after treatment (t3), and at four weeks follow-up (t4), while severity of dental trait anxiety was assessed at t1 and at t4. Two patients (8%) met screening criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) at t4. Multivariate analysis revealed that previous exposure to distressing dental events and pre-operative anxiety level predicted anxiety level at t4, accounting for 71% of the variance. Severity of pain during treatment was a significant predictor variable of PTSD symptom severity at t4 (25% explained variance). The findings underline the importance of pain-free treatments and awareness of patients' individual predisposition to anxiety or trauma-related symptoms to reduce the risk of iatrogenic psychological harm. 相似文献
176.
Little is known about processes characterizing therapeutic Internet-chat groups, which offer a novel way of providing group therapy over distances. In this study group processes and group evaluations were examined in a treatment setting where face-to-face inpatient groups are followed by chat aftercare groups. For a sample of 121 patients who participated in both treatment modalities, group processes and group evaluations were modeled using hierarchical linear modeling. The group evaluations followed a consistent upward course from the beginning of therapy until the end of chat aftercare. For the process measures Activity and Emotional Reactivity, the initial scores at the beginning of the chat groups were lower than at the end of the inpatient treatment, but higher than at admission. During chat aftercare, Activity and Emotional Reactivity scores increased less than during the inpatient phase, but on average Activity and Emotional Reactivity were higher during Internet-chat aftercare. The predictive value of the acquaintance of the therapist from inpatient treatment and the course of group evaluations during inpatient treatment on the course of group evaluations during chat aftercare were examined. 相似文献
177.
Christine Gallas Horst Kächele Susanne Kraft Dr. Hans Kordy Bernd Puschner 《Psychotherapeut》2008,53(6):414-423
This paper summarizes the major results of the study ?Optimizing psychotherapy service provision via transparency and outcome orientation: evaluating outpatient psychotherapy“ (TRANS-OP). Between September 1998 and February 2000, all insured persons of a major German health insurance company (?Deutsche Krankenversicherung“) who requested reimbursement of outpatient psychotherapy were asked to participate in the study. Comprehensive data concerning structural, process and outcome criteria of outpatient psychotherapy were collected from 714 participants and from the majority of their psychotherapists during a 2-year observation period. Participants applied for the following treatments eligible for reimbursement in the German health insurance system: psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy (52%), cognitive behavioral therapy (31%), and psychoanalytic psychotherapy (17%). The amounts of sessions claimed for reimbursement were approved almost without exception. Participants in the three treatment modalities did not differ in socio-demographic characteristics, or in initial symptom severity as assessed by standardized measures. Even though courses of improvement of the symptoms varied, therapy outcome after 2 years was similar in the three forms of treatment. In addition, a cost offset was found, i.e. medical costs, especially for hospital days, substantially decreased during the course of psychotherapy. These findings support the effectiveness as well as the economic significance of outpatient psychotherapy across different treatment modalities in routine care. However, allocation of psychotherapeutic resources should be more considerate of individual patient needs and treatment outcome. 相似文献
178.
Two experiments refined procedures to study Pavlovian influences on goal-directed behavior in mice and studied the effects of CS-US relations in Pavlovian-instrumental interactions. Independent groups of mice underwent Pavlovian training to associate either a 10-sec or 2-min auditory stimulus (CS) with reward. We next assessed the ability of the response-contingent CS presentations to reinforce novel instrumental responding (conditioned reinforcement; CRf) or the ability of noncontingent CS presentations to increase ongoing instrumental responding (Pavlovian-instrumental transfer; PIT). Whereas 10-sec training conditions produced strong CRf (and no PIT), 2-min training conditions produced robust PIT (but no CRf). 相似文献
179.
180.
In an information state where various agents have both factual knowledge and knowledge about each other, announcements can
be made that change the state of information. Such informative announcements can have the curious property that they become
false because they are announced. The most typical example of that is ‘fact p is true and you don’t know that’, after which you know that p, which entails the negation of the announcement formula. The announcement of such a formula in a given information state
is called an unsuccessful update. A successful formula is a formula that always becomes common knowledge after being announced.
Analysis of information systems and ‘philosophical puzzles’ reveals a growing number of dynamic phenomena that can be described
or explained by unsuccessful updates. This increases our understanding of such philosophical problems. We also investigate
the syntactic characterization of the successful formulas.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献