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111.
Qualitative relationships are decisive 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
112.
An early experiment by Hess and Pretori (1894) was replicated and modified in an attempt to determine why they failed to find the ratio principle later discovered by Wallach (1948). Separating the two surround-infield patterns by darkness made very little difference. However, allowing the observer to adjust the infield luminance (as in Wallach) rather than the surround luminance (as in Hess & Pretori) revealed some startling effects. At surround:infield luminance ratios greater than approximately 100∶1, there is no ratio effect; all infields appear equal and totally dark. Converging evidence is presented that Hess and Pretori’s data in this region actually represent surround-matching by the observers. Nor are ratio effects found with increments (infield brighter than surround). When free to match either infield luminances or ratios (by controlling infield luminance), observers match luminances. For decrements with ratios between 1∶1 and approximately 100∶1, lightness constancy and the ratio principle hold. 相似文献
113.
The authors examined whether the finding of a correspondence between specific behavioral patterns of attachment in infancy and childhood and specific representational patterns in childhood could be replicated using children's responses to a story depicting an imagined parent-child separation experience. The participants were 33 German mothers and their children (16 girls, 17 boys). Attachment quality was assessed via standard and exploratory attachment observations at ages 12 months, 18 months, and 6 years. Chi-square analyses indicated that there was a good level of concordance between the behavioral and representation attachment patterns in infancy and childhood. 相似文献
114.
George E Schenk Joseph A Johnston Kenneth Jacobsen 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1979,14(3):284-296
The effects of a career group experience on the vocational maturity of theoretically grouped college freshmen and sophomores were investigated using Super's Career Development Inventory as the dependent measure. The dimensions of consistency/inconsistency and differentiation/nondifferentiation, as identified utilizing Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory, were investigated along with the dimensions of treatment/nontreatment and interaction effects. Predictions related to change in vocational maturity as a result of treatment were made for each dimension. The analysis sample was a group of 68 volunteer freshman and sophomore college students. Results indicated that students did significantly increase their vocational maturity as a result of the group experience. Furthermore, it was found, as predicted, that within experimental groups inconsistent and nondifferentiated students improved significantly more on some vocational maturity measures than consistent or differentiated students. Students who were both inconsistent and nondifferentiated showed consistently greater increases on virtually all vocational maturity measures than all other theoretical groups. 相似文献
115.
Dishonesty erodes society. Although much is known about dishonesty, the process leading up to the decision of whether to be honest or dishonest is often assumed to be homogenous and is not well understood. In this paper, we take a more nuanced approach and explore more closely the process of deciding whether to cheat or be honest when an opportunity to cheat arises. We do this in two laboratory eye tracking experiments. In our first experiment (n = 193), we identify heterogeneity in the decision to cheat. Some decisions on whether to cheat or be honest exhibit relatively little variation and appear to be oriented towards cheating (or honesty) with apparently little consideration of the alternative, whereas other decisions seem to be characterized by a higher degree of consideration for both decision alternatives. Our second experiment (n = 299) demonstrates that a gaze dependent intervention in the choices process is able to affect the behavioral outcomes. 相似文献
116.
Sita Anantha Raman Robert Nichols Richard Joshua Searle-White Heather T. Frazer Timothy Lubin Robin Rinehart Joel R. Smith Andrea Pinkney David Gordon White John Powers Phyllis Herman Lawrence A. Babb Carl Olson June McDaniel Knut A. Jacobsen John E. Cort Gregory P. Fields Jeffrey J. Kripal 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》2000,4(2):185-216
117.
Utility of a cognitive-behavioral model to predict fatigue following breast cancer treatment. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kristine A Donovan Brent J Small Michael A Andrykowski Pamela Munster Paul B Jacobsen 《Health psychology》2007,26(4):464-472
The objective of the current study was twofold: (a) to determine whether subgroups of breast cancer patients could be identified on the basis of their distinct trajectory or pattern of fatigue following treatment for early stage cancer using growth mixture modeling and (b) to examine whether the subgroups could be distinguished on the basis of a cognitive-behavioral model. Growth mixture modeling and a prospective longitudinal design were used to examine the course of fatigue after treatment for early stage breast cancer. Women (n = 261; mean age = 55.2 years) provided fatigue ratings for 6 months following treatment. A low-fatigue group (n = 85) and a high-fatigue group (n = 176) were extracted. Women who were not married, had a lower income, had a higher body mass index, engaged in greater fatigue catastrophizing, and were lower in exercise participation were more likely to be in the high-fatigue group. Only body mass index and catastrophizing remained significant predictors in multivariate analysis. Findings suggest considerable heterogeneity in the experience of fatigue following treatment and support the utility of a cognitive-behavioral model in predicting the course of posttreatment fatigue. 相似文献
118.
Ferreira Vitor Hugo Bessa Barbarat Maxence Lormant Flore Germain Karine Brachet Mathilde Løvlie Hanne Calandreau Ludovic Guesdon Vanessa 《Animal cognition》2020,23(4):769-780
Animal Cognition - Animals can navigate an environment relying on different sources of information, such as geometrical or featural cues. The favoring of one type of information over another... 相似文献
119.
Boddington Robert Gómez Dunlop Clara A. Garnham Laura C. Ryding Sara Abbey-Lee Robin N. Kreshchenko Anastasia Løvlie Hanne 《Animal cognition》2020,23(5):901-911
Animal Cognition - Intra-species cognitive variation is commonly observed, but explanations for why individuals within a species differ in cognition are still understudied and not yet clear.... 相似文献
120.
Participatory sense-making 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
As yet, there is no enactive account of social cognition. This paper extends the enactive concept of sense-making into the social domain. It takes as its departure point the process of interaction between individuals in a social encounter.
It is a well-established finding that individuals can and generally do coordinate their movements and utterances in such situations.
We argue that the interaction process can take on a form of autonomy. This allows us to reframe the problem of social cognition
as that of how meaning is generated and transformed in the interplay between the unfolding interaction process and the individuals
engaged in it. The notion of sense-making in this realm becomes participatory sense-making. The onus of social understanding thus moves away from strictly the individual only.
相似文献
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