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181.
Heather Kitzman-Ulrich Dawn K. Wilson Sara M. St. George Hannah Lawman Michelle Segal Amanda Fairchild 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2010,13(3):231-253
Rates of overweight in youth have reached epidemic proportions and are associated with adverse health outcomes. Family-based
programs have been widely used to treat overweight in youth. However, few programs incorporate a theoretical framework for
studying a family systems approach in relation to youth health behavior change. Therefore, this review provides a family systems
theory framework for evaluating family-level variables in weight loss, physical activity, and dietary approaches in youth.
Studies were reviewed and effect sizes were calculated for interventions that manipulated the family system, including components
that targeted parenting styles, parenting skills, or family functioning, or which had novel approaches for including the family.
Twenty-one weight loss interventions were identified, and 25 interventions related to physical activity and/or diet were identified.
Overall, family-based treatment programs that incorporated training for authoritative parenting styles, parenting skills,
or child management, and family functioning had positive effects on youth weight loss. Programs to improve physical activity
and dietary behaviors that targeted the family system also demonstrated improvements in youth health behaviors; however, direct
effects of parent-targeted programming is not clear. Both treatment and prevention programs would benefit from evaluating
family functioning and parenting styles as possible mediators of intervention outcomes. Recommendations are provided to guide
the development of future family-based obesity prevention and treatment programs for youth. 相似文献
182.
Jennifer M. Taylor Alexandra Z. Kolaski Hannah Wright Halleh Hashtpari Greg J. Neimeyer 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2019,32(2):169-185
What might the field of counseling psychology in the United States of America look like 10 years from now? In a Delphi Poll, an expert panel, consisting of 28 training directors from APA-accredited counseling psychology programs, made predictions regarding the future of counseling psychology 10 years from now in relation to three domains (core features, research and training, and professional training) and 32 specific areas within those domains. The strongest core feature of counseling psychology was viewed as a continuing commitment to issues of diversity (M = 4.64, SD = .63); the research and training theme predicted to attract the most attention in the next 10 years was a commitment to evidence-based practice (M = 4.71, SD = 1.20); and the professional training theme predicted to gain the greatest focus was attention to professional competence (M = 4.43, SD = .65). Results were compared with a previous Delphi Poll conducted in 2001, and recommendations are outlined for future research designed to contribute to the ongoing development of the field of counseling psychology. 相似文献
183.
Consensus around what constitutes researcher conflicts of interest (COIs) and awareness of their influence on our research are two critical steps in ensuring the integrity of our science. In this research, data were collected from individual scholars via 2 surveys 5 years apart and from journals and associations to examine the level of social consensus and moral awareness among scholars, journals, and associations regarding researcher COIs. Although we observed increases in level of social consensus and moral awareness between 2012 and 2017, results still revealed limited agreement about what relationships constitute a COI and limited awareness about the presence of and the ethical issues surrounding COIs. Although all journals and associations we examined supported COI disclosure, most did not provide researchers with detailed COI-related information, guidance, or disclosure tools. Limited social consensus and moral awareness regarding COIs is problematic because it inhibits the recognition, disclosure, and management of COIs and limits ethical decision making. We need to continue and enhance discussions about COIs and aim to create consensus and awareness where we do not have it with the goal of reducing potential scientific misconduct related to COIs. 相似文献
184.
Allison S. Christian‐Brandt Diana E. Santacrose Hannah R. Farnsworth Kelsey A. MacDougall 《American journal of community psychology》2019,64(3-4):389-404
Pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS) is common among injured/ill children and is associated with elevated distress, treatment non‐adherence, and poor health outcomes. As survivorship of life‐threatening pediatric injury and illness continues to increase alongside rapid medical advancements, rates of PMTS and negative sequelae are expected to grow; however, research on prevention and treatment of PMTS is limited. The current study sought to systematically review the literature using a developmental framework to highlight research gaps. Sixteen peer‐reviewed studies were identified via a systematic literature search. Consistent with best practices for treatment of childhood trauma, caregiver involvement and CBT principles served as the foundation for most interventions. All studies reported improvements in PMTS; however, among the most methodologically rigorous, few found statistically superior reductions in PMTS between intervention and control groups. While many studies focused on a specific developmental stage and discussed developmental considerations, others took a “one‐size‐fits” approach. Interventions that demonstrated the most promising findings were online, self‐guided, or time‐limited. Future research would benefit from expanding diversity of participants, continuing to evaluate novel delivery methods, and integrating developmental considerations along with trauma‐informed care (TIC) approaches, given their useful framework for understanding child traumatic stress responses and avenues for prevention and treatment. 相似文献
185.
Recognising identity and emotion conveyed by the face is important for successful social interactions and has thus been the focus of considerable research. Debate has surrounded the extent to which the mechanisms underpinning face emotion and face identity recognition are distinct or share common processes. Here we use an individual differences approach to address this issue. In a well-powered (N?=?605) and age-diverse sample we used structural equation modelling to assess the association between face emotion recognition and face identity recognition ability. We also sought to assess whether this association (if present) reflected visual short-term memory and/or general intelligence (g). We observed a strong positive correlation (r?=?.52) between face emotion recognition ability and face identity recognition ability. This association was reduced in magnitude but still moderate in size (r?=?.28) and highly significant when controlling for measures of g and visual short-term memory. These results indicate that face emotion and face identity recognition abilities in part share a common processing mechanism. We suggest that face processing ability involves multiple functional components and that modelling the sources of individual differences can offer an important perspective on the relationship between these components. 相似文献
186.
Elizabeth A. Maylor Hannah R. Long Rhianne A. Newstead 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(3):386-392
Alcohol has detrimental effects on a range of cognitive processes, the most prominent being episodic memory. These deficits appear functionally similar to those observed within the normal aging population. We investigated whether an associative memory deficit, as found in older adults, would also be evident in young adults moderately intoxicated by alcohol. Participants were shown unrelated word pairs and then tested on both their item recognition (old/new item?) and associative recognition (intact/recombined pair?). Half the participants were under the influence of alcohol whereas the other half were sober. Alcohol impaired memory performance but significantly more so for associative than for item memory. Moreover, within the alcohol group, the associative memory deficit was significantly related to the amount of alcohol consumed. The findings suggest that not all aspects of episodic memory are equally impaired by alcohol, which may have practical implications for criminal investigations involving eye witnesses who have consumed alcohol. 相似文献
187.
188.
Hannah Ginsborg 《Philosophical Studies》2008,137(1):65-77
I criticize recent nonconceptualist readings of Kant’s account of perception on the grounds that the strategy of the Deduction
requires that understanding be involved in the synthesis of imagination responsible for the intentionality of perceptual experience.
I offer an interpretation of the role of understanding in perceptual experience as the consciousness of normativity in the
association of one’s representations. This leads to a reading of Kant which is conceptualist, but in a way which accommodates
considerations favoring nonconceptualism, in particular the primitive character of perceptual experience relative to thought
and judgment.
相似文献
Hannah GinsborgEmail: |
189.
Wendy van Rijswijk Nick Hopkins Hannah Johnston 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2009,19(6):515-520
This paper investigates how the categorization of migrant workers shapes their reception. In an experiment with Northern Irish Protestants we manipulated the representation of Poland to make the Catholicism of Polish migrants either more, or less, salient. Furthermore, judgements of Polish migrants were obtained under conditions designed to encourage participants to believe that sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland was either resolved, or still a strong feature of the present social landscape. Overall, results showed that when Poland's Catholicism was salient, participants were less welcoming of Polish migrants. Furthermore, this effect was mediated by increases in the level of symbolic threat participants believed the migrants posed to participants' (Protestant) community identity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
190.
Nine chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were tested for their ability to assemble or disassemble the appropriate tool to obtain a food reward from two different
apparatus. In its deconstructed form, the tool functioned as a probe for one apparatus. In its constructed form, the tool
functioned as a hook, appropriate for a second apparatus. Each subject completed four test trials with each apparatus type.
Tool types were randomized and counter-balanced between the two forms. Results demonstrated that adult and juvenile chimpanzees
(N = 7) were successful with both tool types, while two infant chimpanzees performed near chance. Off-line video analyses revealed
that tool modifications followed by attempted solutions by the adults and juveniles were typically correct on the first attempt.
Neither infant was successful in modifying tools correctly on the first attempt over all eight trials. The older chimpanzees’
ability to modify the appropriate tool consistently prior to use indicates an immediate recognition of the functional attributes
necessary for the successful use of tool types on each apparatus, and represents a non-replication of a previously reported
study by Povinelli.
相似文献
Sarah T. BoysenEmail: |